Observation List
Get a list of Observation objects.
GET /api/v3/observations/?format=api&offset=10300
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They include a range of observations from various sites, some hourly, some daily.\r\n\r\nThe collection contains images of manuscripts as well as keyed data from Ben Nevis and in the town of Fort William between 1883 and 1904, and observations from the UK, Ireland and mainland Europe recorded in the Met Office's Daily Weather Report from 1900-1910. Along with the scanned manuscripts these data cover the period 1760 to 1975.\r\n\r\nVariables available include: atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind speed and rainfall.\r\n\r\nThe scanned manuscripts are from 6 Scottish sites, the Leeds Philosophical Society and the Devon and Exeter Institute." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219101, 219102, 219103, 219104, 219105, 219106, 219107, 219099, 219100, 219108 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 95537 ] }, { "ob_id": 45843, "uuid": "daefeb0ff91145f9ad36678e82a68cd0", "title": "Operation Weather Rescue: scanned copies of meteorological observation registers and tabulated records from the Kirkcaldy manuscript archives, 1819-1841", "abstract": "This dataset contains scanned copies of the meteorological record from the Kirkcaldy manuscript archives, 1st January 1819 to 3rd April 1841. The record contains temperature and pressure readings taken at various times of the day.\r\n\r\nScanned by National Records of Scotland\r\n\r\nNational Records of Scotland reference MET1/4/32\r\n\r\nThe imaging of the volumes was funded by the National Centre for Atmospheric Sciences and effort supported through the GLoSAT project.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57", "latestDataUpdateTime": null, "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "Data were digitised as part of the Operation Weather Rescue project and sent to the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) for archiving.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "Reports, Weather, Meteorology", "publicationState": "citable", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "completed", "dataPublishedTime": "2026-05-16T20:26:01", "doiPublishedTime": "2026-05-20T13:55:53.647132", "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 5139, "bboxName": "kilkcardy", "eastBoundLongitude": -3.16, "westBoundLongitude": -3.16, "southBoundLatitude": 56.11, "northBoundLatitude": 56.11 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 45829, "dataPath": "/badc/operation-weather-rescue/data/SCOTLAND/KIRKCALDY_1819-1841/", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 647214017, "numberOfFiles": 243, "fileFormat": "JPEG" }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13134, "startTime": "1819-01-01T00:00:00", "endTime": "1841-04-03T23:59:59" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 3337, "explanation": "Data are as given by the data provider, no quality control has been performed by the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA)", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "CEDA Data Quality Statement", "date": "2019-10-18" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": { "ob_id": 45844, "uuid": "8ef3af6ce8c049fc9d56eecbf7ac0e8e", "short_code": "acq", "title": "Acquisition for the Kilkcaldy met records", "abstract": "Acquisition for the Kilkcaldy met records" }, "procedureComputation": null, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [ 236 ], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [ { "ob_id": 2526, "accessConstraints": null, "accessCategory": "public", "accessRoles": null, "label": "public: None group", "licence": { "ob_id": 3, "licenceURL": "http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/", "licenceClassifications": [ { "ob_id": 3, "classification": "any" } ] } } ], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 27037, "uuid": "f4dbd99ad3634e64bb45ed6af216086a", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Operation Weather Rescue", "abstract": "Operation Weather Rescue was a project set up to digitise meteorological observations recorded at weather stations across Europe. 1.8 million lost weather records have been 'rescued' with the help from over 2000 volunteer citizen scientists, including data from Ben Nevis and Fort William between 1883 and 1904." }, { "ob_id": 44102, "uuid": "528e0655f87d4e1a8a98993befb0e685", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Global Surface Air Temperature (GloSAT)", "abstract": "The goal of the GloSAT project was to develop, extend and analyse a consistent record of observed global surface temperatures to help scientists better understand how the Earth's climate has changed since the late 18th century. GloSAT developed a temperature record based on in situ air temperature observations over land and ocean. Prior instrumental records of global mean surface temperature change combine air temperature over land and terrestrial ice-covered regions with sea surface temperature readings, typically with start dates around the mid-19th century. 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The higher-resolution RR simulation directly resolves more gravity waves. Model outputs were post-processed to analyse differences in atmospheric composition and dynamics, including temperature, atomic oxygen (O), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and ozone (O3), as well as vertical fluxes. The workflow includes model configuration, execution, data extraction, and analysis.\r\n\r\nThis dataset has been generated using the cam6_2_011 development tag of the NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Earth System Model (CESM).", "creationDate": "2026-04-29T13:21:26.369982", "lastUpdatedDate": "2026-04-29T13:35:36", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2026-04-29T13:21:26", "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "Data were generated using a development version of CESM: cam6_2_011 followed by post-processing and analysis to derive the final variables. 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Raw data collected outside of the operating parameters of the instrument were removed.\r\n3. All ACSM data collected for years before 2026 were scaled until mass closure and flagged according to whether the data was:\r\n\r\n0b not_used\r\n1b good\r\n2b bad\r\n3b suspect_data\r\n4b local_unusual_activity\r\n\r\nMass closure used PM2.5 measured with a Palas FIDAS 200 E with BC measured using an Magee AE33 Aethelometer. 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Hourly 880nm and 370nm data was compared to Lady Wood AURN and flagged according to whether the data was:\r\n\r\n0b not_used\r\n1b good\r\n2b bad\r\n3b suspect_data\r\n4b local_unusual_activity", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "CEDA Data Quality Statement", "date": "2026-05-07" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": { "ob_id": 45870, "uuid": "59bc9c38af2b4b2dbe11fce6d4a3d8f0", "short_code": "acq", "title": "Acquisition for: BAQS: Magee AE33 Aethelometer", "abstract": "" }, "procedureComputation": null, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 45718, "uuid": "fc10dbeed0df48d6aff7ab27892e7609", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Birmingham Air Quality Supersite (BAQS)", "abstract": "" } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219271, 219272, 219273, 219274, 219275, 219276, 219277, 219278 ], "onlineresource_set": [] }, { "ob_id": 45873, "uuid": "b561993597ad46f58c26cf58693b909d", "title": "Processed Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data collected during RRS James Cook cruise JC257 in the UK-1 exploration area, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean, 2024", "abstract": "Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) bathymetry and backscatter data were acquired in the UK-1 exploration area of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), Pacific Ocean, using the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) Autosub5-mounted Norbit WBMS-bathy MBES during RRS James Cook Cruise JC257 between 16/02/2024 and 09/03/2024. These datasets were collected to investigate local-scale seafloor morphology and to improve understanding of biodiversity patterns and benthic habitat distribution within the CCZ, by scientists from the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK as part of the NERC-funded Seabed Mining And Resilience To EXperimental impact (SMARTEX). The AUV was used to map in high resolution the 0, 1, 16, 30 and 100 km sites. Bathymetric data were processed using Quality Positioning Services (QPS) Qimera 2.7.6, while backscatter data were subsequently processed using QPS FMGT 7.11.2. Tidal corrections were derived at the Long Mooring 1 site using the TMD toolbox, based on the TPXO global tidal inversion model developed at Oregon State University (OSU), and applied to the dataset. CTD-derived sound velocity profiles (SVPs) were then used to further refine the acoustic corrections. Semi-automatic and manual cleaning procedures were carried out to remove erroneous soundings, particularly along the outer swath edges. The 0–1 km site was surveyed during missions AS5M084 and AS5M085; the latter was spatially adjusted through the identification of common seafloor features. Sites at 16 and 30 km were surveyed during mission AS5M089. The 100 km site was mapped during missions AS5M093, AS5M094, and AS5M096, with AS5M093 used as a spatial reference to align the subsequent surveys based on shared geomorphological features. For each site, bathymetric grids were generated at 1, 2, and 5 m resolution, in WGS84 UTM Zone 11N projection, with interpolation applied where necessary to fill gaps between survey lines. Processed .gsf files were then exported to QPS FMGT to produce backscatter mosaics at 0.20 m resolution. Both backscatter and bathymetry data are supplied in .xyz format. 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Hourly data was compared to Lady Wood AURN and flagged according to whether the data was \r\n0b not_used\r\n1b good\r\n2b bad\r\n3b suspect_data\r\n4b local_unusual_activity", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "CEDA Data Quality Statement", "date": "2026-05-08" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": { "ob_id": 45876, "uuid": "6e686ce733964a0eb74499c50297be74", "short_code": "acq", "title": "Acquisition for: BAQS: FIDAS PN data.", "abstract": "" }, "procedureComputation": null, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 45718, "uuid": "fc10dbeed0df48d6aff7ab27892e7609", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Birmingham Air Quality Supersite (BAQS)", "abstract": "" } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219315, 219316, 219317, 219318, 219319, 219320, 219321, 219322 ], "onlineresource_set": [] }, { "ob_id": 45881, "uuid": "96388e7a347b4a5fa287f012eb5d6920", "title": "EOCIS: CHUK Aerosol Optical Depth, Monthly L3C Product, v1.14", "abstract": "This dataset contains Climate High resolution UK (CHUK) Aerosol Optical Depth data produced within the Earth Observation Climate Information Service (EOCIS) project.\r\n\r\nThese data are derived from Swansea University Global Aerosol retrievals (v1.14) for the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometers (SLSTR) on the Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B satellites (https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/17d83baf50a644d89a4fb78ca6cccec1/) Original level 2 retrievals in the UK region have been re-projected from the instrument swath onto the Climate High-resolution grid for the UK at 100m resolution and composited on a monthly timescale. They contain the aerosol optical depth and the fine-mode aerosol optical depth at 550nm. Two versions of each variable are included: with and without the post-processing filtering that is used in the global dataset.", "creationDate": "2025-02-10T14:53:22.745005", "lastUpdatedDate": "2026-05-12T15:53:12", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2026-05-12T15:53:16", "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "This dataset was produced by Swansea University in the context of the Earth Observation Climate Information Service project.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "Aerosol,Optical,depth,UK,SLSTR,Sea,Surface,Temperature,Radiometer,High-resolution,EOCIS", "publicationState": "preview", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "completed", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 4693, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": 4.75, "westBoundLongitude": -15.37, "southBoundLatitude": 47.09, "northBoundLatitude": 61.14 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 45889, "dataPath": "/neodc/eocis/data/CHUK/aerosol_optical_depth/SLSTR/L3C/monthly/v1.14", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 34308490093, "numberOfFiles": 190, "fileFormat": "The data are in NetCDF format." }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 12069, "startTime": "2016-05-01T00:00:00", "endTime": "2025-03-31T00:00:00" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 4665, "explanation": "", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "CEDA Data Quality Statement", "date": "2025-02-10" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": { "ob_id": 43477, "uuid": "b485aa86fd1f42188e80bcf2f64de0a5", "short_code": "acq", "title": "Acquisition for: EOCIS: CHUK Aerosol Optical Depth, V1.0", "abstract": "" }, "procedureComputation": null, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [ 233 ], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [ { "ob_id": 2528, "accessConstraints": null, "accessCategory": "public", "accessRoles": null, "label": "public: None group", "licence": { "ob_id": 8, "licenceURL": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "licenceClassifications": [ { "ob_id": 3, "classification": "any" } ] } } ], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 43216, "uuid": "8bffaba46c4a4b8c82e4be2c91c637b9", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Earth Observation Climate Information Service (EOCIS)", "abstract": "The UK Earth Observation Climate Information Service exploits the observations available from environmental sensors orbiting in space to create climate data records and climate information. 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This includes both rapid-response information for climate-linked events (fire early warning and urban flood mapping) and longer term climate data linked to human and ecosystem health and landscape greenhouse gas emissions." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 74919, 74920, 74921, 74922, 93314, 93315 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 45880, "uuid": "061fc86521c24c32b2b29aea08080195", "short_code": "coll", "title": "EOCIS: CHUK Aerosol Optical Depth", "abstract": "This dataset collection contains Climate High resolution UK (CHUK) Aerosol Optical Depth data produced within the Earth Observation Climate Information Service (EOCIS) project.\r\n\r\nThese data are derived from Swansea University Global Aerosol retrievals (v1.14) for the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometers (SLSTR) on the Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B satellites (https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/17d83baf50a644d89a4fb78ca6cccec1/) Original level 2 retrievals in the UK region have been re-projected from the instrument swath onto the Climate High-resolution grid for the UK at 100m resolution and composited over daily and monthly timescales. They contain the aerosol optical depth and the fine-mode aerosol optical depth at 550nm. Two versions of each variable are included: with and without the post-processing filtering that is used in the global dataset." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219346, 219347, 219348, 219349, 219350, 219351, 219353, 219352 ], "onlineresource_set": [] }, { "ob_id": 45882, "uuid": "809e67dc32ac4679a5d6a18a35551213", "title": "EOCIS: CHUK Particulate Matter (PM2.5, PM10), Monthly L3C Product, v1.14", "abstract": "This dataset contains Particulate Matter (PM2.5, PM10) data produced within the Earth Observation Climate Information Service (EOCIS) project. These data are produced by a machine learning algorithm that combines inputs from satellite, in-situ and analysis data sources. The algorithm generates measurements of the particulate matter (PM) at sizes smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and 10 µm (PM10). Original level 2 retrievals in the UK region have been reprojected from the instrument swath onto the Climate High-resolution grid for the UK (CHUK) at 100m resolution and composited over daily and monthly timescales. Two versions of each variable are included: with and without the post-processing filtering that is used in the global AOD dataset that is used as an input.", "creationDate": "2025-03-27T12:09:23.383695", "lastUpdatedDate": "2026-05-12T15:53:46", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2026-05-12T15:53:49", "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "This dataset was produced by Swansea University in the context of the Earth Observation Climate Information Service project.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "Particulate,Matter,PM2.5,PM10,Aerosol,Surface,Temperature,Land,Radiometer,SLSTR,Sea,EOCIS", "publicationState": "preview", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 4727, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": 4.75, "westBoundLongitude": -15.37, "southBoundLatitude": 47.09, "northBoundLatitude": 61.14 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 45891, "dataPath": "/neodc/eocis/data/CHUK/particulate_matter/SLSTR/L3C/monthly/v1.14", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 21382335296, "numberOfFiles": 136, "fileFormat": "The data are in NetCDF format." }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 12213, "startTime": "2016-05-01T00:00:00", "endTime": "2023-12-31T00:00:00" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 4699, "explanation": "To be completed by the author", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "CEDA Data Quality Statement", "date": "2025-03-27" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": { "ob_id": 43743, "uuid": "70b7aa53b799499aba3cc9ea03bdc122", "short_code": "acq", "title": "Acquisition for: EOCIS: CHUK Particulate Matter (PM2.5, PM10), V1.00", "abstract": "" }, "procedureComputation": null, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [ 233 ], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [ { "ob_id": 2528, "accessConstraints": null, "accessCategory": "public", "accessRoles": null, "label": "public: None group", "licence": { "ob_id": 8, "licenceURL": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "licenceClassifications": [ { "ob_id": 3, "classification": "any" } ] } } ], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 43216, "uuid": "8bffaba46c4a4b8c82e4be2c91c637b9", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Earth Observation Climate Information Service (EOCIS)", "abstract": "The UK Earth Observation Climate Information Service exploits the observations available from environmental sensors orbiting in space to create climate data records and climate information. 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This includes both rapid-response information for climate-linked events (fire early warning and urban flood mapping) and longer term climate data linked to human and ecosystem health and landscape greenhouse gas emissions." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 74919, 74920, 74921, 74922, 93324, 93325, 93326, 93327 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 45879, "uuid": "a01f32f71c4f424d940aaa4a63fbbec4", "short_code": "coll", "title": "EOCIS: CHUK Particulate Matter (PM2.5, PM10)", "abstract": "This dataset collection contains Climate High resolution UK (CHUK) Particulate Matter (PM2.5, PM10) data produced within the Earth Observation Climate Information Service (EOCIS) project. \r\n\r\nThese data are produced by a machine learning algorithm that combines inputs from satellite, in-situ and analysis data sources. 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Two versions of each variable are included: with and without the post-processing filtering that is used in the global AOD dataset that is used as an input." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219354, 219355, 219356, 219357, 219358, 219359, 219360, 219361 ], "onlineresource_set": [] }, { "ob_id": 45903, "uuid": "b11a935c076243c1bf5c0c590e62af66", "title": "Airborne particles including microplastics from Burkard Spore Traps", "abstract": "Burkard Spore Traps, commonly used for global pollen monitoring, were used to capture airborne particles, allowing the subsequent identification, characterisation and quantification of outdoor airborne particles including microplastics.\r\n\r\nBurkard traps continuously sampled air for 7 days from the University of Hull (UK.) (53° 46’ 16.87” N; 0° 22’ 2.64” W) at 10:00 on 10/03/2023 and 11:00 on 18/07/2023 respectively, and Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha (SA). 34° 0'4.66\"S; 25°40'2.40\"E starting at 13:00 on 03/08/2023. Traps were on flat roofs with the sampling orifice at least 1 m above the surface and at least 2 m away from the building edge.\r\n\r\nTape adhesive was glycine jelly and an oxidative digest using 30% hydrogen peroxide was performed to remove organic mater. This dataset contains screenshot images of airborne particles during downstream analysis with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, used to identify materials.", "creationDate": "2026-05-13T14:55:05.581380", "lastUpdatedDate": "2026-05-13T14:55:05.581383", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2026-05-13T14:55:05.581384", "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "Data were produced by the project team and supplied for archiving at the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA).", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "Airborne,Particles,Microplastics,Pollution,Pollen", "publicationState": "preview", "nonGeographicFlag": true, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": null, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": null, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13163, "startTime": "2023-03-10T00:00:00", "endTime": "2026-08-08T00:00:00" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 4905, "explanation": "Images are jpeg files from screenshots from the Omnic Picta software.", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "CEDA Data Quality Statement", "date": "2026-05-13" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": { "ob_id": 45904, "uuid": "45c5d217e851496e83a98b8458e652e6", "short_code": "acq", "title": "Acquisition for: Airborne particles including microplastics from Burkard Spore Traps", "abstract": "" }, "procedureComputation": null, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 45744, "uuid": "c55be4caa3ac4f99bfb72606058d24ac", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Development of the first global standard for airborne microplastic monitoring", "abstract": "A novel, yet simple, airborne microplastic (MP) sampling approach using global pollen monitoring equipment was applied to identify, characterise and quantify outdoor airborne MPs for the first time." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219384, 219385, 219386, 219387, 219388, 219389, 219390, 219391, 219392, 219393, 219394, 219395, 219396, 219397, 219398, 219399, 219400, 219401, 219402, 219403, 219404, 219405, 219406, 219407, 219408, 219409, 219410, 219411, 219412, 219413 ], "onlineresource_set": [] }, { "ob_id": 45905, "uuid": "a7c36b1be037423cbcd920a968801b27", "title": "Atmospheric Tidal Coefficients from an SD-WACCM-D Simulation the Equator and 69N (2005-2013)", "abstract": "This dataset was extracted from two numerical simulations of the Earth's atmosphere calculated using the Specified Dynamics version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) with D-region ionic chemistry. For both simulations we include the fourier coefficients required to calculate the atmospheric tides at two locations, the equator and 69N. The latter location was chosen as it covers Tromso, a highly instrumented site including radar observations of atmospheric tides. We also include the daily mean state of the atmosphere at these two locations. In the first run both the geomagnetic activity and F10.7 flux provided to the model represented daily means whilst in the second the data had a 3hr temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThese data were produced by British Antarctic Survey (BAS) scientists under Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) project MesoS2D (grant reference: NE/V018426/1).", "creationDate": "2026-05-14T09:09:40.043975", "lastUpdatedDate": "2026-05-14T09:20:20", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2026-05-14T09:09:40", "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "Data was generated using CESM version 2.1.3 using the Archer2 HPC system with time awarded to the MESOS2D project. The fourier coefficients required to calculate the atmospheric tides were accumulated over the course of a data for the diurnal, semidiurnal, and terdiurnal tides. Data was extracted for two longitudinal slices, one over the equator and one at 69N, the latter of which allows for the calculation of tides over Tromso, a highly instrumented site.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "atmospheric tides, CESM, WACCM, NE/V018426/1", "publicationState": "preview", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 5157, "bboxName": "Long: -180 to 180; Lat: 69 to 0", "eastBoundLongitude": 180.0, "westBoundLongitude": -180.0, "southBoundLatitude": 0.0, "northBoundLatitude": 69.0 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 45943, "dataPath": "/badc/deposited2026/MESOS2D_Tidal_Coeff/", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 32227174442, "numberOfFiles": 5, "fileFormat": "NetCDF" }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13169, "startTime": "2005-07-02T00:00:00", "endTime": "2013-03-26T00:00:00" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 4907, "explanation": "Outputs were reviewed for physical plausibility.", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "CEDA Data Quality Statement", "date": "2026-05-14" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": null, "procedureComputation": { "ob_id": 45907, "uuid": "36a063c6ce094ac3a603982fc47b1129", "short_code": "comp", "title": "SD-WACCM-D", "abstract": "This dataset was generated using version 2.3.1 of the Community Earth System Model (CESM), developed by the NSF National Center for Atmospheric Science (NCAR). The atmospheric component of the atmosphere was the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) with Specified Dynamics (SD) and D-Region ionic chemistry." }, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 45906, "uuid": "ae711fc1b34b4474af73ed6776324f93", "short_code": "proj", "title": "MesoS2D: Mesospheric sub-seasonal to decadal predictability", "abstract": "The mesosphere influences, and is influenced by, in-situ and external effects such as atmospheric waves and tides (upward) and space weather effects (downward). The mesosphere is strongly coupled to the lower edge of the ionosphere, as well as the other atmospheric regions, so changes in one part can impact on others. In order to make progress in modelling the whole atmosphere as a coupled system, need to have a sound scientific understanding of the drivers of variability.\r\n\r\nThis project combined newly-available middle atmosphere observations with one of the world most sophisticated whole atmosphere models to quantify the drivers and variability of the mesosphere; providing a first step towards improving predictability of the mesosphere at sub-seasonal to decadal timescales. This project used the Specified Dynamics version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) with D-region ionic chemistry, and data from the EISCAT 3D ionospheric radar.\r\n\r\nThis project was led by British Antarctic Survey (BAS) scientists under Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) project MesoS2D (grant reference: NE/V018426/1)." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 28669, 28670, 52192, 52193, 54920, 54921, 54924, 54925, 54926, 54927, 54930, 54931, 54932, 54933, 54934, 54935, 54936, 54937, 54938, 54939, 54940, 54941, 54943, 54944, 54946, 54947, 54948, 54949, 54952, 54954, 54955, 54956, 54963, 54964, 54965, 55036, 55037, 55038, 55039, 55053, 55056, 55057, 55058, 55059, 55070, 55071, 55072, 55073, 55077, 55078, 55080, 55084, 55085, 55086, 55087, 63011, 63013, 63014, 63015, 63016, 63017, 63018, 63019, 63020, 93417, 93418, 93419, 93420, 93421, 93422, 93423, 93424 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219420, 219421, 219415, 219416, 219417, 219418, 219419, 219422, 219423, 219424, 219425 ], "onlineresource_set": [] }, { "ob_id": 45914, "uuid": "ef40ee0e4d4c4a208cc81b4a24902631", "title": "TEAMx: Multi-scale transport and exchange processes in the atmosphere over mountains – programme and experiment: birdbath scan from the NCAS X-Band Mobile Radar unit 2 deployed at Mount Plose, South Tyrol, Italy, v1.0.0 (20250618-20250915)", "abstract": "Birdbath scan measurements from the NCAS X-Band Mobile Radar unit 2 deployed at Mount Plose, South Tyrol, Italy. 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More details needed." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 83944, 83948, 83961, 93355, 93356, 93357, 93358, 93359, 93360, 93361, 93362, 93363, 93364, 93365, 93366, 93367, 93368, 93369, 93370, 93371, 93372, 93373, 93374, 93375, 93376, 93377, 93378, 93379, 93380, 93381, 93382, 93383, 93384, 93385, 93386, 93387 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219496, 219497, 219498, 219499, 219500, 219501, 219502, 219503 ], "onlineresource_set": [] }, { "ob_id": 45934, "uuid": "17f2e296917f4c6f9fdbf0326f907a5c", "title": "Characterising CiRrus and icE cloud acrosS the specTrum - Microwave (CCREST-M): vertical pointing from the NCAS Ka-Band Mobile Cloud Radar unit 1 deployed onboard NCAS Chilbolton Atmospheric Observatory (CAO), v1.0.1 (20240201-20240408)", "abstract": "Vertical pointing (VPT) scan measurements from the NCAS Ka-Band Mobile Cloud Radar unit 1 deployed onboard NCAS Chilbolton Atmospheric Observatory (CAO). These observations were taken as part of Characterising CiRrus and icE cloud acrosS the specTrum - Microwave (CCREST-M) between 20240201 and 20240408.\n\nData products from this deployment include: vpt\n\nFor further details of this deployment and the associated dataset please see the internal file metadata.\n\nThese data conform to the NCAS data standards and are available under the UK Government Open Licence agreement. Acknowledgement of NCAS as the data provider is required whenever and wherever these data are used.\n ", "creationDate": "2026-05-18T14:43:12.892291", "lastUpdatedDate": "2026-05-18T14:43:12.892298", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2026-05-18T14:43:12.892301", "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "Data were processed and prepared by the project team before delivery to the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA).", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "NCAS, observation measurements", "publicationState": "preview", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "completed", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 3375, "bboxName": "Chilbolton, Hampshire, England", "eastBoundLongitude": -1.44, "westBoundLongitude": -1.44, "southBoundLatitude": 51.14, "northBoundLatitude": 51.14 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 45935, "dataPath": "/badc/ncas-cao/data/ncas-mobile-ka-band-radar-1/20240201_ccrest-m/v1.0.1", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 51850856234, "numberOfFiles": 7424, "fileFormat": "Data are netCDF formatted." }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13184, "startTime": "2024-02-01T17:12:58", "endTime": "2024-04-08T14:06:52" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 4568, "explanation": "These data have been produced in accordance to standard NCAS observational practices. 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More details needed." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 83944, 83948, 83961, 93355, 93356, 93357, 93358, 93359, 93360, 93361, 93362, 93363, 93364, 93365, 93366, 93367, 93368, 93369, 93370, 93371, 93372, 93373, 93374, 93375, 93376, 93377, 93378, 93379, 93380, 93381, 93382, 93383, 93384, 93385, 93386, 93387 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219507, 219508, 219509, 219510, 219511, 219512, 219513, 219514 ], "onlineresource_set": [] }, { "ob_id": 45944, "uuid": "f655bf53327041349519030618d76704", "title": "Surface level turbulence derived from MASIN flight measurements for the Arctic Summertime Cyclones Project", "abstract": "This dataset contains surface layer turbulent fluxes and meteorological variables derived from Meteorological Airborne Science Instrumentation (MASIN) instrumentation measurements onboard the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Twin Otter aircraft. These data were based on measurements made during the July-August 2022 field campaign of the Arctic Summertime Cyclones project - funded by NERC Arctic Summertime Cyclones Project (NE/T00682X/1).", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57", "latestDataUpdateTime": null, "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "These data were produced by the project team and the output data were then supplied to CEDA for archiving.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "MASIN, turbulence", "publicationState": "published", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "completed", "dataPublishedTime": "2026-05-20T15:36:45", "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 5153, "bboxName": "ASC-masin", "eastBoundLongitude": 29.0, "westBoundLongitude": -20.57, "southBoundLatitude": 75.26, "northBoundLatitude": 83.54 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 45945, "dataPath": "/badc/arcticcyclones/data/ASC_surface_turbulence", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 197009, "numberOfFiles": 3, "fileFormat": "ASCII text" }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13191, "startTime": "2022-07-29T11:18:00", "endTime": "2022-08-20T13:42:00" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 3959, "explanation": "No quality information available. 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From these data surface level turbulence was derived." }, "imageDetails": [ 2 ], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [ { "ob_id": 2522, "accessConstraints": null, "accessCategory": "registered", "accessRoles": null, "label": "registered: None group", "licence": { "ob_id": 3, "licenceURL": "http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/", "licenceClassifications": [ { "ob_id": 3, "classification": "any" } ] } } ], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 41265, "uuid": "b84b5f1e0dc14301965f297d277c0135", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Arctic Summer-time Cyclones: Dynamics and Sea-ice Interaction", "abstract": "Arctic cyclones are the dominant type of hazardous weather system affecting the Arctic environment in summer. They can also have critical impacts on sea-ice movement, sometimes resulting in ‘Very Rapid Ice Loss Events’ which present a major challenge to coupled forecasts of the Arctic environment from days out to a season ahead. As a result of global warming, sea ice is becoming thinner across large areas of the Arctic Ocean in summer. This means that winds can move it more easily and in turn the dynamic sea ice distribution is expected to feedback on the developing weather systems.\r\n\r\nThis project will fly two research aircraft into Arctic cyclones developing over the marginal ice zone at the edge of the Arctic Ocean basin. It will measure the turbulent exchange fluxes, flying low above the interface between atmosphere and ice, at the same time as measuring the wind and cloud structure of the cyclones above and the properties of the ice below. Combining the observations with numerical modelling experiments using the latest weather prediction models, the project aims to deduce the dominant physical processes acting and test theoretical mechanisms for two-way interaction between the Arctic cyclones and sea ice.\r\n\r\nThis project and the UK component of the field experiment are funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/T006773/1, NE/T006811/1 and NE/T00682X/1. They will joined by teams from the USA and France, funded by the Office of Naval Research (USA)." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219537, 219538, 219539, 219540, 219541, 219542, 219543, 219544, 219546, 219545 ], "onlineresource_set": [] }, { "ob_id": 45948, "uuid": "16d77f6aa75c46b8b1e60f713a4aca78", "title": "Sea ice and melt pond fraction from video analysis for the Arctic Summertime Cyclones Project", "abstract": "Data from analysis of six MASIN flights from the Arctic Summertime Cyclones field campaign in Summer 2022. Each data point corresponds to a flux-run of a duration of ~1 minute. Bulk variables are averaged (mean) along each flux-run, unless otherwise stated in variable description. The sea-ice fraction and melt-pond fraction are from subjectively analysed video footage, where the fraction of sea ice and melt ponds are recorded every minute. Fractions are recorded to the nearest 5% and benchmarked by objective image color analysis of still images. The data set was compiled by Miriam Bennett, with help from Ian Renfrew and Chris Barrell (all University of East Anglia).", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57", "latestDataUpdateTime": null, "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "These data were produced by the project team and the output data were then supplied to CEDA for archiving.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "MASIN, sea ice, melt pond, NE/T006773/1", "publicationState": "published", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "completed", "dataPublishedTime": "2026-05-20T09:41:20", "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 5153, "bboxName": "ASC-masin", "eastBoundLongitude": 29.0, "westBoundLongitude": -20.57, "southBoundLatitude": 75.26, "northBoundLatitude": 83.54 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 45949, "dataPath": "/badc/arcticcyclones/data/ASC_sea_ice_and_melt_pond_fraction", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 82132, "numberOfFiles": 3, "fileFormat": "ASCII text" }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13191, "startTime": "2022-07-29T11:18:00", "endTime": "2022-08-20T13:42:00" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 3959, "explanation": "No quality information available. 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They can also have critical impacts on sea-ice movement, sometimes resulting in ‘Very Rapid Ice Loss Events’ which present a major challenge to coupled forecasts of the Arctic environment from days out to a season ahead. As a result of global warming, sea ice is becoming thinner across large areas of the Arctic Ocean in summer. This means that winds can move it more easily and in turn the dynamic sea ice distribution is expected to feedback on the developing weather systems.\r\n\r\nThis project will fly two research aircraft into Arctic cyclones developing over the marginal ice zone at the edge of the Arctic Ocean basin. It will measure the turbulent exchange fluxes, flying low above the interface between atmosphere and ice, at the same time as measuring the wind and cloud structure of the cyclones above and the properties of the ice below. Combining the observations with numerical modelling experiments using the latest weather prediction models, the project aims to deduce the dominant physical processes acting and test theoretical mechanisms for two-way interaction between the Arctic cyclones and sea ice.\r\n\r\nThis project and the UK component of the field experiment are funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/T006773/1, NE/T006811/1 and NE/T00682X/1. They will joined by teams from the USA and France, funded by the Office of Naval Research (USA)." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 4385, 18405, 18408, 50340, 92544, 93410, 93411, 93412, 93413, 93414, 93415, 93416 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219551, 219552, 219553, 219554, 219555, 219556, 219557, 219560, 219559, 219550, 219558 ], "onlineresource_set": [] }, { "ob_id": 45951, "uuid": "ad93d6625d4e4124bb136dbb91b78091", "title": "European Storm Types", "abstract": "These files are netcdf format containing one month each of data. They are the storm types identified from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis dataset (ERA5: Hersbach et al 2020) identified over the North Atlantic/European region. \r\n\r\nThe storm types are numbered from 1-7 as follows:\r\n1 - cyclone only\r\n2 - front only\r\n3 - thunderstorm only\r\n4 - cyclone + front\r\n5 - cyclone + thunderstorm\r\n6 - front + thunderstorm\r\n7 - cyclone + front + thunderstorm", "creationDate": "2026-05-19T13:39:21.343898", "lastUpdatedDate": "2026-05-19T13:40:09.917779", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2026-05-19T13:39:21.343904", "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "The cyclones and fronts are identified using updated versions of the algorithms described in Catto and Dowdy (2021), specifically the front identification of Sansom and Catto (2023). The thunderstorm data is calculated using a proxy described in Dowdy (2022).\r\n\r\nReferences:\r\n Catto, J. L., and A. J. Dowdy (2021) Understanding compound hazards from a weather system perspective, Weather and Climate Extremes, 32, 100313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2021.100313.\r\n\r\n Dowdy, A.J. Climatology of thunderstorms, convective rainfall and dry lightning environments in Australia. Clim Dyn 54, 3041–3052 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05167-9\r\n\r\nSansom, P. G. and Catto, J. L.: Objective identification of meteorological fronts and climatologies from ERA-Interim and ERA5, Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6137–6151, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6137-2024, 2024", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "Storm types,Cyclone,Front,Thunderstorm,Europe", "publicationState": "preview", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 5155, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": 45.0, "westBoundLongitude": 45.0, "southBoundLatitude": 20.75, "northBoundLatitude": 69.25 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": null, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13194, "startTime": "1980-01-01T00:00:00", "endTime": "2018-12-31T00:00:00" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 4909, "explanation": "N/A", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "CEDA Data Quality Statement", "date": "2026-05-19" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": { "ob_id": 45953, "uuid": "0137eea9e58f49dca005d085ba45b8eb", "short_code": "acq", "title": "Acquisition for: European Storm Types", "abstract": "" }, "procedureComputation": null, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 45952, "uuid": "a714d7b7128941c9a989cd7f53936f82", "short_code": "proj", "title": "STORMY-WEATHER: Plausible storm hazards in a future climate", "abstract": "UK Climate Resilience project" } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219563, 219564, 219565, 219566, 219567, 219568, 219569, 219570, 219571, 219572 ], "onlineresource_set": [] }, { "ob_id": 45955, "uuid": "e8c0d44bcc1f47ff888f3aa5d02b4597", "title": "Sea ice fraction estimates from low-level aircraft compiled from ACCACIA, Iceland Greenland Seas Project and Arctic Summertime Cyclones project flights", "abstract": "This dataset contains sea-ice fraction estimates, based on albedo from shortwave radiation during low-level aircraft legs, as well as a few other aircraft measurements compiled from several field campaigns: Aerosol Cloud Coupling and Climate Interactions in the Arctic (ACCACIA), Iceland Greenland Seas (IGP) Project and Arctic Summertime Cyclones (ASC) project flights. The data are derived from the BAE-146 measurements on the FAAM and Meteorological Airborne Science Instrumentation (MASIN) instrumentation measurements onboard the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Twin Otter aircraft. All field campaigns were funded by NERC under the ACCACIA (NE/I028297/1), IGP (NE/N009754/1) and Arctic Summertime Cyclones (NE/T00682X/1) grants. \r\n\r\nThis compilation is a subset of data taken from ‘surface turbulence data sets’ for each individual campaign (also on CEDA).", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57", "latestDataUpdateTime": null, "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "These data were produced by the project team and the output data were then supplied to CEDA for archiving.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "ACCACIA, IGP, Arctic Summertime Cyclones, FAAM, MASIN, turbulence", "publicationState": "published", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "ongoing", "dataPublishedTime": "2026-05-20T09:46:11", "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 5156, "bboxName": "IGP, ACCACIA and ASC", "eastBoundLongitude": 29.0, "westBoundLongitude": -30.0, "southBoundLatitude": 60.0, "northBoundLatitude": 83.5 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 45956, "dataPath": "/badc/accacia/data/ACCACIA_IGP_ASC_sea_ice_fraction_estimates", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 158618, "numberOfFiles": 3, "fileFormat": "ASCII text" }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13195, "startTime": "2013-03-23T00:00:00", "endTime": "2022-08-20T13:42:00" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 3959, "explanation": "No quality information available. Data are as provided by the project team", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "CEDA Data Quality Statement", "date": "2022-06-06" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": { "ob_id": 45957, "uuid": "3430f8ae8f2645828e0a3adcad8eec95", "short_code": "acq", "title": "Acquisition for Sea ice fraction estimates from low-level aircraft compiled from ACCACIA, Iceland Greenland Seas Project and Arctic Summertime Cyclones project flights", "abstract": "This data set is a compilation of a small number of variables, in particular, sea ice fraction and radiation components, over several field campaigns" }, "procedureComputation": null, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [ 2 ], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [ { "ob_id": 2526, "accessConstraints": null, "accessCategory": "public", "accessRoles": null, "label": "public: None group", "licence": { "ob_id": 3, "licenceURL": "http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/", "licenceClassifications": [ { "ob_id": 3, "classification": "any" } ] } } ], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 12286, "uuid": "e0e2261d155848fab84b1169aeb2be80", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Aerosol Cloud Coupling and Climate Interactions in the Arctic (ACCACIA)", "abstract": "ACCACIA was a £3M NERC-funded consortium project in collaboration with the Universities of Manchester, York, and East Anglia, and the British Antarctic Survey, along with the Met Office and project partners in the US and Europe. ACCACIA aimed to improve our understanding of aerosol-cloud interactions in the Arctic, and the potential changes and feedbacks that may result from decreasing Arctic sea ice cover in the future. In situ measurements have been made during two field campaigns utilising ship-based measurements of surface aerosol sources and airborne measurements of aerosol and cloud microphysical properties, boundary layer dynamics, and radiative forcing. The observations have been complemented by modelling studies on a range of scales: from explicit aerosol and cloud microphysics process modelling, through large eddy simulation and mesoscale models, up to global climate models." }, { "ob_id": 24899, "uuid": "2780d047461c42f0a12534ccf42f487a", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Iceland Greenland seas Project (IGP) including the Atmospheric Forcing of the Iceland Sea (AFIS)", "abstract": "The Iceland Greenland seas Project (IGP) is an international project involving the UK, US a Norwegian research communities. The UK component was funded by NERC, under the Atmospheric Forcing of the Iceland Sea (AFIS) project (NE/N009754/1)\r\n\r\nThe Iceland Sea - to the north and east of Iceland - is arguably the least studied of the North Atlantic's subpolar seas. However new discoveries are forcing a redesign of our conceptual model of the North Atlantic's ocean circulation which places the Iceland Sea at the heart of this system and suggests that it requires urgent scientific focus. The recently discovered North Icelandic Jet is thought to be one of two pathways for dense water to pass through the Denmark Strait - the stretch of ocean between Iceland and Greenland - which is the main route for dense waters from the north to enter the Atlantic. Its discovery suggests a new paradigm for where dense water entering the North Atlantic originates. However at present the source of the North Icelandic Jet remains unknown. It is hypothesized that relatively warm Atlantic-origin water is modified into denser water in the Iceland Sea, although it is unclear precisely where, when or how this happens. \r\n\r\nThis project examined the wintertime atmosphere-ocean processes in the Iceland Sea by characterising its atmospheric forcing, i.e. observing the spatial structure and variability of surface heat, moisture and momentum fluxes in the region and the weather systems that dictate these fluxes. In situ observations of air-sea interaction processes from several platforms (an aircraft; and via project partners an unmanned airborne vehicle, a meteorological buoy and a research vessel) were made and used to evaluate meteorological analyses and reanalyses from operational weather forecasting centres. \r\n\r\nNumerical modelling experiments investigated the dynamics of selected weather systems which strongly influenced the region, but appear not to be well represented; for example, the boundary layers that develop over transitions between sea ice and the open ocean during cold-air outbreaks; or the jets and wakes that occur downstream of Iceland. The unique observations were used to improve model representation of these systems.\r\n\r\nThe project also carried out new high-resolution climate simulations. A series of experiments covered recent past and likely future situations; as well as some idealised situations such as no wintertime sea ice in the Iceland Sea region. This was done using a state-of-the-art atmospheric model with high resolution over the Iceland Sea to investigate changes in the atmospheric circulation and surface fluxes. \r\n\r\nFinally, in collaboration with the international partners, the project analysed new ocean observations and establish which weather systems are important for changing ocean properties in this region. The project used a range of ocean and atmospheric models to establish how current and future ocean circulation pathways function. In short, the project determined the role that atmosphere-ocean processes in the Iceland Sea play in creating the dense waters that flow through Denmark Strait and feed into the lower limb of the AMOC.\r\n\r\nThe subpolar region of the North Atlantic is crucial for the global climate system. It is where coupled atmosphere-ocean processes, on a variety of spatial scales, require an integrated approach for their improved understanding and prediction. This region has enhanced 'communication' between the atmosphere and ocean. Here large surface fluxes of heat and moisture make the surface waters colder, saltier and denser resulting in a convective overturning that contributes to the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The AMOC is an ocean circulation that carries warm water from the tropics northward with a return flow of cold water southwards at depth; it is instrumental in keeping Europe's climate relatively mild." }, { "ob_id": 41265, "uuid": "b84b5f1e0dc14301965f297d277c0135", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Arctic Summer-time Cyclones: Dynamics and Sea-ice Interaction", "abstract": "Arctic cyclones are the dominant type of hazardous weather system affecting the Arctic environment in summer. They can also have critical impacts on sea-ice movement, sometimes resulting in ‘Very Rapid Ice Loss Events’ which present a major challenge to coupled forecasts of the Arctic environment from days out to a season ahead. As a result of global warming, sea ice is becoming thinner across large areas of the Arctic Ocean in summer. This means that winds can move it more easily and in turn the dynamic sea ice distribution is expected to feedback on the developing weather systems.\r\n\r\nThis project will fly two research aircraft into Arctic cyclones developing over the marginal ice zone at the edge of the Arctic Ocean basin. It will measure the turbulent exchange fluxes, flying low above the interface between atmosphere and ice, at the same time as measuring the wind and cloud structure of the cyclones above and the properties of the ice below. Combining the observations with numerical modelling experiments using the latest weather prediction models, the project aims to deduce the dominant physical processes acting and test theoretical mechanisms for two-way interaction between the Arctic cyclones and sea ice.\r\n\r\nThis project and the UK component of the field experiment are funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/T006773/1, NE/T006811/1 and NE/T00682X/1. They will joined by teams from the USA and France, funded by the Office of Naval Research (USA)." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 4385, 18405, 18408, 20490, 50340, 92544, 93410, 93411, 93412, 93413, 93414, 93415, 93416, 93425, 93426, 93427, 93428, 93429, 93430 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219578, 219579, 219584, 219580, 219581, 219582, 219583, 219585, 219587, 219586, 219589, 219590 ], "onlineresource_set": [] }, { "ob_id": 45958, "uuid": "9d86d7af20d9476b95071e7dc2d59ba2", "title": "UAV ALS data acquired for CongoPeat", "abstract": "Data acquired in Epena and Ekolongouma, Republic of Congo, in February 2019, using a Delair DT26x drone, equipped with a Riegl VUX-1UAV scanner, with a ground point density up to 35 per sq.m. used with a local DGPS ground station.\r\n\r\nCoordinate system: WGS84, EPSG:4326\r\nFile formats: .laz, industry standard compressed airborne laser scanning data format. Supporting documentation can be found under 'Details / Docs' below.\r\n\r\nThese data were produced as part of Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) project CongoPeat (grant reference: NE/R016860/1).", "creationDate": "2026-05-20T11:59:58.314023", "lastUpdatedDate": "2026-05-20T11:59:58", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2026-05-20T11:59:58", "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "Acquired using a Delair DT26x drone, equipped with a Riegl VUX-1UAV scanner, with a ground point density up to 35 per sq.m. used with a local DGPS ground station.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "ALS,LiDAR,UAV,Drone", "publicationState": "working", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 5160, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": 17.905, "westBoundLongitude": 17.423, "southBoundLatitude": 1.188, "northBoundLatitude": 1.404 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": null, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13198, "startTime": "2019-02-17T00:00:00", "endTime": "2019-02-27T00:00:00" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 4910, "explanation": "None", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "CEDA Data Quality Statement", "date": "2026-05-20" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": { "ob_id": 45959, "uuid": "975f5cfb7af048a89f0051819bd22242", "short_code": "acq", "title": "Acquisition for: UAV ALS data acquired for CongoPeat", "abstract": "" }, "procedureComputation": null, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 45676, "uuid": "293eb0d7b0ce4eb2adccb3195fd765e9", "short_code": "proj", "title": "CongoPeat - mapping water levels across the Congo Basin peatland complex", "abstract": "" } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219593, 219594, 219595, 219596, 219597, 219598, 219599, 219600 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 95606, 95607 ] }, { "ob_id": 45963, "uuid": "169c4a825c1c4c6e834e24e382deea01", "title": "UK Earth System Model 1.1 simulations for the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project V0", "abstract": "UK Earth System Model 1.1 simulations for the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project V0\r\nThe dataset contains commonly-used variables for SSP2-4.5 (2 versions), and G6-1.5K-SAI, G6-1.5K-MCB, and G6-1.5K-HiLLA.\r\nThe G6-1.5K simulations use SSP2-4.5 as the background greenhouse gas emission scenario and maintain global mean temperature at ~1.5K, defined as the mean temperature in 2020-39 via different cooling methods.\r\nG6-1.5K-SAI (Stratospheric Aerosol Injection) emits sulphur dioxide at 30 degrees North and South at 22km.\r\nG6-1.5K-MCB (Marine Cloud Brightening) emits sea salt aerosols at the lowest atmospheric layer in five midlatitude regions.\r\nG6-1.5K-HiLLA (High Latitude Low Altitude) emits sulphur dioxide at 60 degrees North and South at 15km in the spring of each hemisphere.\r\nSAI and HiLLA use the SSP2-4.5 version with heterogeneous chemistry on injected stratospheric aerosols, and MCB uses the SSP2-4.5 version without.", "creationDate": "2026-05-21T15:15:59.303873", "lastUpdatedDate": "2026-05-21T15:27:53.871767", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2026-05-21T15:15:59.303878", "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "This is the CMIP6 generation version of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Tier 1 experiments as described in 'The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) contribution to CMIP7 – description of new experimental protocols and preliminary results' by Visioni et al. (2026) https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2417.\r\nThe simulations were run on the Met Office HPC, CMORised using CDDS, and uploaded to CEDA.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "CMIP6,UKESM,GeoMIP", "publicationState": "preview", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 5162, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": -180.0, "westBoundLongitude": 180.0, "southBoundLatitude": -90.0, "northBoundLatitude": 90.0 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": null, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13202, "startTime": "2015-01-01T00:00:00", "endTime": "2100-01-01T00:00:00" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 4911, "explanation": "Model output has only been checked for CF convention compliance, otherwise supplied as-is.", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "CEDA Data Quality Statement", "date": "2026-05-21" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": null, "procedureComputation": null, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [], "projects": [], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219645, 219646, 219647, 219648, 219649, 219650, 219652, 219653 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 95596 ] }, { "ob_id": 45964, "uuid": "8c6b162587e34320be276a8503819583", "title": "BAQS: SMPS PN data", "abstract": "Data collected using a TSI3938. Data submitted is hourly Total Particle concentration and particle size distribution from 10_nm to 800_nm. Data collected at the Birmingham Air Quality Site.", "creationDate": "2026-05-22T14:31:01.959861", "lastUpdatedDate": "2026-05-22T14:31:01.959864", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2026-05-22T14:31:01.959865", "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "1. Data collected at the Birmingham Air Quality Site in minute intervals.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "", "publicationState": "working", "nonGeographicFlag": true, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": null, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": null, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13204, "startTime": "2022-08-01T00:00:00", "endTime": null }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 4912, "explanation": "2. Raw data collected outside of the operating parameters of the instrument were removed.\r\n 3. Data (with 75% coverage per hour) was averaged up into 1 hourly steps.\r\n 0b not_used; 1b good; 2b bad; 3b suspect_data; 4b local_unusual_activity; 5b strong_nucleation_event.", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "CEDA Data Quality Statement", "date": "2026-05-22" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": { "ob_id": 45965, "uuid": "70fe6dbc4c0b4e20a5fd75970efaaa6d", "short_code": "acq", "title": "Acquisition for: BAQS: SMPS PN data", "abstract": "" }, "procedureComputation": null, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 45718, "uuid": "fc10dbeed0df48d6aff7ab27892e7609", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Birmingham Air Quality Supersite (BAQS)", "abstract": "" } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219658, 219659, 219660, 219661, 219662, 219663, 219664, 219665 ], "onlineresource_set": [] }, { "ob_id": 45967, "uuid": "0cb6bfc5936041a9a06487359b562454", "title": "test for record access", "abstract": "test for record access", "creationDate": "2026-05-22T14:55:24.879403", "lastUpdatedDate": "2026-05-22T14:55:24.879406", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2026-05-22T14:55:24.879408", "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "test", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "", "publicationState": "working", "nonGeographicFlag": true, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": null, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": null, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13205, "startTime": "2026-05-22T00:00:00", "endTime": null }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 4913, "explanation": "test", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "CEDA Data Quality Statement", "date": "2026-05-22" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": null, "procedureComputation": null, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [], "projects": [], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219668, 219669, 219670, 219671, 219672, 219673, 219674 ], "onlineresource_set": [] }, { "ob_id": 45968, "uuid": "e020b3328b064b76898bb6e25b7b78d5", "title": "TOMCAT (VSLS): Sources and Impacts of Short-Lived Anthropogenic Chlorine", "abstract": "The TOMCAT (Three-dimensional Off-line Chemical Transport Model (CTM) designed to represent the complex interactions between atmospheric chemistry, dynamics, and transport. Simulation is performed using external meteorological reanalysis fields (ERA5) for January 1977 to March 2025. Model simulates the evolution of chemical species by integrating time-varying emissions, solar fluxes, and stratospheric aerosol data. By utilizing predefined scenarios, such as the WMO 2022 projections, the TOMCAT model provides a consistent framework for investigating how short-lived substances and ozone-depleting gases influence stratospheric composition and climate feedback mechanisms over decadal timescales.\r\n\r\nThe data are pre-processed (zonal mean monthly mean on pressure and height levels).", "creationDate": "2026-05-26T14:57:36.018190", "lastUpdatedDate": "2026-05-26T14:57:36", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2026-05-26T14:57:36", "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "The TOMCAT simulation data is from the RUN781 experiment, which was performed on the ARCHER/ARCHER2 supercomputing facilities using the TOMCAT three-dimensional chemical transport model to investigate the impact of short-lived anthropogenic chlorine on the stratosphere. Before being archived at the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA), the raw model output underwent a systematic post-processing. Specific tracer was extracted from the model output file, then it was interpolated from native model vertical grid levels onto a common set of pressure (1000 to 0.1 hPa) and geometric height (1 to 60 km) coordinates, and performing zonal averaging over longitude. Finally, the data was converted into NetCDF format.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "VSLS,CTM,Stratosphere", "publicationState": "preview", "nonGeographicFlag": true, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": null, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 45997, "dataPath": "/badc/deposited2026/TOMCAT_chlorine/", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 694967739, "numberOfFiles": 131, "fileFormat": "NetCDF" }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13207, "startTime": "1977-01-01T00:00:00", "endTime": "2026-03-31T00:00:00" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 4914, "explanation": "NO", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "CEDA Data Quality Statement", "date": "2026-05-26" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": null, "procedureComputation": null, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 45969, "uuid": "556cd9784c0c4313b3a214244b07d0a3", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Sources and Impacts of Short-Lived Anthropogenic Chlorine", "abstract": "Depletion of stratospheric ozone allows larger doses of harmful solar UV radiation to reach the surface leading to increases in skin cancer and cataracts in humans and other impacts, such as crop damage. Ozone also affects the Earth's radiation balance and, in particular, ozone depletion in the lower stratosphere (LS) exerts an important climate forcing. While most long-lived ozone-depleting substances (e.g. CFCs) are now controlled by the United Nations Montreal Protocol and their abundances are slowly declining, there remains significant uncertainty surrounding the rate of ozone layer recovery. Changes in the LS may cause delayed ozone recovery or even additional depletion, and can also have important effects on climate. One key uncertainty, highlighted in the WMO/UNEP 2014 Assessment of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, is the increasing importance of uncontrolled chlorine-containing very short-lived substances (VSLS) which can reach the LS and cause ozone depletion.\r\n\r\nWhile significant amounts of brominated VSLS are known to be emitted naturally from the oceans, recent publications also show a rapid, unexpected and unexplained increase in anthropogenic chlorinated VSLS (Cl-VSLS), especially in E and SE Asia. Some of these Cl-VSLS will reach the stratosphere via deep convection in the tropics (through the tropical tropopause layer) or via the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) or the E Asian Winter Monsoon.\r\n\r\nThe Montreal Protocol is arguably the world's most successful environmental agreement. By controlling the production and emission of long-lived ODSs, it has set the ozone layer on the road to recovery. However, short-lived halogenated compounds (lifetimes <6 months) have so far not been included, based on the belief that they would not be abundant or persistent enough to have an impact. Recent observations suggest otherwise; calculations in this proposal suggest that Cl-VSLS may delay the recovery of the Antarctic Ozone Hole (to 1980 levels) by up to 30 years. Fortunately, the Montreal Protocol has a regular review process which allows amendments to deal with new threats to the ozone layer and climate, e.g. the recent 2016 success of including limits to the production of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).\r\n\r\nThis proposal takes advantage of UEA's heritage in atmospheric halocarbon measurements to obtain novel observations of chlorine compounds in the key E/SE Asia region and in the global mid-upper troposphere. Surface observations will be targeted in the key winter periods when we know that we will be able to detect polluted emissions from China, a likely major emitter of Cl-VSLS globally. We will extend the suite of gases currently measured by the CARIBIC in-service global passenger aircraft to include several newly-identified VSLS. This will allow us to investigate the distribution of these VSLS over a much wider geographical area, to identify source regions and to assess longer term changes in their atmospheric abundance.\r\n\r\nOur observations will be combined with detailed 3-D modelling at Leeds and Lancaster, who have world-leading expertise and tools for the study of atmospheric chlorine. One model will be used in an 'inverse' mode to trace back the observations of anthropogenic VSLS to their source regions. Overall, the models will be used to quantify the flux of halogenated ozone-depleting gases to the stratosphere and to determine their ozone and climate impact. We will calculate metrics for ozone depletion and climate change and feed these through to the policy-making process (Montreal Protocol) with the collaboration of expert partners. The results of SISLAC will provide important information for future international assessments e.g. WMO/UNEP and IPCC reports.\r\n\r\nThis project was funded by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grant reference: NE/R001782/1." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 50559, 60438, 93440, 93441, 93442, 93443, 93444, 93445, 93446, 93447, 93448, 93449, 93450, 93451, 93452, 93453, 93454, 93455, 93456, 93457, 93458, 93459, 93460, 93461, 93462, 93463, 93464, 93465, 93466, 93467, 93468, 93469, 93470, 93471, 93472, 93473, 93474, 93475, 93476, 93477, 93478, 93479, 93480, 93481, 93482, 93483, 93484, 93485, 93486, 93487, 93488, 93489, 93490, 93491, 93492, 93493, 93494, 93495, 93496, 93497, 93498, 93499, 93500, 93501, 93502, 93503, 93504, 93505, 93506, 93507, 93508, 93509, 93510, 93511, 93512, 93513, 93514, 93515 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219675, 219676, 219677, 219678, 219679, 219680, 219681, 219682, 219683 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 95599, 95600, 95601, 95602 ] }, { "ob_id": 45974, "uuid": "d9e614df708c40ee8ae097cdaf8279a0", "title": "ESA Sea Level Budget Closure Climate Change Initiative (SLBC_cci): Constrained dataset", "abstract": "The SLBC_cci+ dataset is provided as a single data collection that contains the Sea Level Budget (SLB) components from the constrained approach. This dataset is a compilation of time series and regional grids of the following elements of the mean sea level budget and ocean mass budget:\r\n\r\n(a) relative sea level; \r\n(b) the thermosteric component of mean sea level, representing the change in ocean density caused by thermal expansion; \r\n(c) sea level changes due to salinity-driven density variations in the ocean; \r\n(d) the mass contribution to mean sea level.\r\n\r\nUncertainties associated with each component were characterized. These uncertainties are provided as variance-covariance matrices, available at a monthly timescale for both global and regional scales. These matrices enable the estimation of uncertainties in trends and acceleration across any timescales.", "creationDate": "2026-05-27T13:45:46.385286", "lastUpdatedDate": "2026-05-27T13:29:35", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2026-05-27T13:29:35", "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "This dataset is the continuity of the first phase of the SLBC_cci project. It provides the latest scientific estimates of sea level budget components. It includes global estimates for each component from 1993-2023 (the altimetry era) and regional estimates from 2002-2023 (the gravimetry era). Time dependent fields are displayed at monthly resolution for every component. Data were produced by the project team and supplied for archiving at the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA).", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "", "publicationState": "preview", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 529, "bboxName": "Global (-180 to 180)", "eastBoundLongitude": 180.0, "westBoundLongitude": -180.0, "southBoundLatitude": -90.0, "northBoundLatitude": 90.0 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": null, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13208, "startTime": "1993-01-15T00:00:00", "endTime": "2022-12-15T23:59:59" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 4915, "explanation": "For information on the data quality see the associated documentation.", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "SLBC Data Quality Statement", "date": "2026-05-27" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": null, "procedureComputation": { "ob_id": 32244, "uuid": "b712474c4a8e415b9fa6877652acb93a", "short_code": "comp", "title": "Compilation of the ESA Climate Change Initiative Sea Level Budget Closure", "abstract": "The compilation is a result from the Sea-level Budget Closure (SLBC_cci) project conducted in the framework of ESA’s Climate Change Initiative (CCI). \r\nData and methods underlying the time series are as follows:\r\n(a) satellite altimetry analysis by the Sea Level CCI project.\r\n(b) a new analysis of Argo drifter data with incorporation of sea surface temperature data; an alternative time series consists in an ensemble mean over previous global mean steric sea level anomaly time series.\r\n(c) analysis of monthly global gravity field solutions from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite gravimetry mission.\r\n(d) results from a global glacier model.\r\n(e) analysis of satellite radar altimetry over the Greenland Ice Sheet, amended by results from the global glacier model for the Greenland peripheral glaciers; an alternative time series consists of results from GRACE satellite gravimetry.\r\n(f) analysis of satellite radar altimetry over the Antarctic Ice Sheet; an alternative time series consists of results from GRACE satellite gravimetry.\r\n(g) results from the WaterGAP global hydrological model." }, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [ 111 ], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 32240, "uuid": "a549c26e68634b12893dab827b392e66", "short_code": "proj", "title": "ESA Sea-Level Budget Closure Climate Change Initiative project (SLBC_cci)", "abstract": "To assess the accuracy and reliability of our knowledge about sea-level change and its causes, assessments of the sea-level budget (SLB) are indispensable. Closure of the sea-level budget implies that the observed changes of GMSL equal the sum of observed (or otherwise assessed) contributions, namely changes in ocean mass and the steric component. Closure of the ocean mass budget (OMB) implies that the observed ocean-mass change (e.g., from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, GRACE) is equal to assessed changes of water mass (in solid, liquid or gaseous state) outside the ocean, which are dominated by mass changes of land ice (glaciers and ice sheets) and water stored on the continents as liquid water or snow (land water). Misclosure of these budgets indicates errors in the assessment of some of the components (including effects of undersampling) or contributions from unassessed elements in the budget.\r\n\r\nSince 2010, ESA has developed the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) programme in order to produce consistent and continuous space-based records for Essential Climate Variables (ECVs). The first phase of the SLBC_cci project was conducted from 2017 to 2019 as the first cross-ECV project within CCI. The project aimed at taking advantage of the improved quality of sea-level-related earth observation datasets produced within the CCI programme. The project also developed new data products based on existing CCI products and on other data sources. SLBC_cci concentrated on datasets generated within CCI or by the consortium members as they have thorough insights into the genesis and uncertainty characteristics of the datasets. This facilitated progress towards working in a consistent framework of product specification, uncertainty characterization, and sea level budget analysis, and enabled the identification of unresolved inconsistencies as a prerequisite for future improvements.\r\n\r\nThe first phase of this project covered the precise altimetry era (starting in 1993) with a special focus given to the period 2003/2005 to 2015, coinciding with the availability of GRACE space gravimetry data and Argo drifter data.\r\n\r\nThe new project phase (SBLC_cci+) aims to improve the closure of the global mean sea level budget by: 1) lengthening the time series, 2) assessing budget closure at global and regional scales, 3) providing an explanation of temporal and spatial variability at global and local scales. Depending on the availability of the various elements, the global sea level budget will be updated up to 2022/2023. In addition, the project will address the regional variability of sea level and sea surface temperature, and investigate the contributions of natural/internal climate variability and anthropogenic forcing (detection/attribution) to the associated spatial trends. By extending to regional spatial scales, we can pinpoint areas where the sea level budget does not close, resulting in a regional breakdown of the assessment of the items\r\n that accounts for a significant portion of the individual components used.\r\n\r\nFor further informations : https://climate.esa.int/en/projects/sea-level-budget-closure/" } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219690, 219691, 219692, 219693, 219694, 219695, 219696, 219697, 219698, 219759, 219699, 219700, 219701, 219702, 219703, 219704, 219705, 219706, 219707, 219708, 219709, 219710, 219711, 219712, 219713, 219714, 219715, 219716, 219717, 219718, 219719, 219720, 219721, 219722 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 95604 ] }, { "ob_id": 45976, "uuid": "8db04f60f2c2442abcf70affa849791d", "title": "ESA Sea Level Budget Closure Climate Change Initiative (SLBC_cci): Unconstrained dataset", "abstract": "This SLBC_cci dataset is provided as a single data collection that contains the sea level budget (SLB) components from the constrained approach. This dataset is a compilation of time series and regional grids of the following elements of the mean sea level budget and ocean mass budget:\r\n\r\n(a) relative sea level; \r\n(b) the thermosteric component of mean sea level, representing the change in ocean density caused by thermal expansion; \r\n(c) sea level changes due to salinity-driven density variations in the ocean; \r\n(d) the manometric and barystatic sea level (the mass contribution to sea level); \r\n(e) the glaciers contribution (excluding Greenland and Antarctica); \r\n(f) the Greenland Ice Sheet and Greenland peripheral glaciers contribution; \r\n(g) the Antarctic Ice Sheet contribution; \r\n(h) the contribution from changes in land water storage (including snow cover). \r\n\r\nUncertainties associated with each component were characterized. These uncertainties are provided as variance-covariance matrices, available at a monthly timescale for both global and regional scales. These matrices enable the estimation of uncertainties in trends and acceleration across any timescales.", "creationDate": "2026-05-27T13:45:46.385286", "lastUpdatedDate": "2026-05-27T13:29:35", "latestDataUpdateTime": null, "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "This dataset is the continuity of the first phase of the SLBC_cci project. It provides the latest scientific estimates of sea level budget components. It includes global estimates for each component from 1993-2023 (the altimetry era) and regional estimates from 2002-2023 (the gravimetry era). Time dependent fields are displayed at monthly resolution for every component. Data were produced by the project team and supplied for archiving at the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA).", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "", "publicationState": "preview", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 529, "bboxName": "Global (-180 to 180)", "eastBoundLongitude": 180.0, "westBoundLongitude": -180.0, "southBoundLatitude": -90.0, "northBoundLatitude": 90.0 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": null, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13208, "startTime": "1993-01-15T00:00:00", "endTime": "2022-12-15T23:59:59" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 4915, "explanation": "For information on the data quality see the associated documentation.", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "SLBC Data Quality Statement", "date": "2026-05-27" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": null, "procedureComputation": { "ob_id": 32244, "uuid": "b712474c4a8e415b9fa6877652acb93a", "short_code": "comp", "title": "Compilation of the ESA Climate Change Initiative Sea Level Budget Closure", "abstract": "The compilation is a result from the Sea-level Budget Closure (SLBC_cci) project conducted in the framework of ESA’s Climate Change Initiative (CCI). \r\nData and methods underlying the time series are as follows:\r\n(a) satellite altimetry analysis by the Sea Level CCI project.\r\n(b) a new analysis of Argo drifter data with incorporation of sea surface temperature data; an alternative time series consists in an ensemble mean over previous global mean steric sea level anomaly time series.\r\n(c) analysis of monthly global gravity field solutions from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite gravimetry mission.\r\n(d) results from a global glacier model.\r\n(e) analysis of satellite radar altimetry over the Greenland Ice Sheet, amended by results from the global glacier model for the Greenland peripheral glaciers; an alternative time series consists of results from GRACE satellite gravimetry.\r\n(f) analysis of satellite radar altimetry over the Antarctic Ice Sheet; an alternative time series consists of results from GRACE satellite gravimetry.\r\n(g) results from the WaterGAP global hydrological model." }, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [ 111 ], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 32240, "uuid": "a549c26e68634b12893dab827b392e66", "short_code": "proj", "title": "ESA Sea-Level Budget Closure Climate Change Initiative project (SLBC_cci)", "abstract": "To assess the accuracy and reliability of our knowledge about sea-level change and its causes, assessments of the sea-level budget (SLB) are indispensable. Closure of the sea-level budget implies that the observed changes of GMSL equal the sum of observed (or otherwise assessed) contributions, namely changes in ocean mass and the steric component. Closure of the ocean mass budget (OMB) implies that the observed ocean-mass change (e.g., from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, GRACE) is equal to assessed changes of water mass (in solid, liquid or gaseous state) outside the ocean, which are dominated by mass changes of land ice (glaciers and ice sheets) and water stored on the continents as liquid water or snow (land water). Misclosure of these budgets indicates errors in the assessment of some of the components (including effects of undersampling) or contributions from unassessed elements in the budget.\r\n\r\nSince 2010, ESA has developed the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) programme in order to produce consistent and continuous space-based records for Essential Climate Variables (ECVs). The first phase of the SLBC_cci project was conducted from 2017 to 2019 as the first cross-ECV project within CCI. The project aimed at taking advantage of the improved quality of sea-level-related earth observation datasets produced within the CCI programme. The project also developed new data products based on existing CCI products and on other data sources. SLBC_cci concentrated on datasets generated within CCI or by the consortium members as they have thorough insights into the genesis and uncertainty characteristics of the datasets. This facilitated progress towards working in a consistent framework of product specification, uncertainty characterization, and sea level budget analysis, and enabled the identification of unresolved inconsistencies as a prerequisite for future improvements.\r\n\r\nThe first phase of this project covered the precise altimetry era (starting in 1993) with a special focus given to the period 2003/2005 to 2015, coinciding with the availability of GRACE space gravimetry data and Argo drifter data.\r\n\r\nThe new project phase (SBLC_cci+) aims to improve the closure of the global mean sea level budget by: 1) lengthening the time series, 2) assessing budget closure at global and regional scales, 3) providing an explanation of temporal and spatial variability at global and local scales. Depending on the availability of the various elements, the global sea level budget will be updated up to 2022/2023. In addition, the project will address the regional variability of sea level and sea surface temperature, and investigate the contributions of natural/internal climate variability and anthropogenic forcing (detection/attribution) to the associated spatial trends. By extending to regional spatial scales, we can pinpoint areas where the sea level budget does not close, resulting in a regional breakdown of the assessment of the items\r\n that accounts for a significant portion of the individual components used.\r\n\r\nFor further informations : https://climate.esa.int/en/projects/sea-level-budget-closure/" } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219725, 219726, 219727, 219728, 219729, 219730, 219731, 219732, 219733, 219758, 219734, 219735, 219736, 219737, 219738, 219739, 219740, 219741, 219742, 219743, 219744, 219745, 219746, 219747, 219748, 219749, 219750, 219751, 219752, 219753, 219754, 219755, 219756, 219757 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 95605 ] }, { "ob_id": 45978, "uuid": "5d2a217fc9f4405e86ddc98d6693e815", "title": "6-hourly data produced by the CESM2 model for the Regional Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project (RAMIP)", "abstract": "This record contains 6-hourly data for simulations from the Regional Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project (RAMIP), produced using CESM2. It contains NetCDF output from coupled transient simulations. For a full description of the experiments, see: https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/16/4451/2023/.\r\n\r\nThe simulations are initialised from the CMIP6 historical experiment. Anthropogenic emissions designed for the ScenarioMIP experiments SSP3-7.0 and SSP1-2.6 are used. All experiments follow SSP3-7.0, with perturbations to regional aerosol and precursor emissions using SSP1-2.6 emissions, following the RAMIP protocol. Data are provided for a subset of CMIP6 variables, following their CMIP6 definitions in native CESM2 format. Some 3D variables are produced at reduced vertical resolution compared to CMIP6. These are identified with new variable names, as set out in the RAMIP data request: https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/16/4451/2023/\r\n\r\nAcronyms\r\n------------\r\nCESM2: the Community Earth System Model 2 hosted at the National Centre for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in the US. \r\nSSP1-2.6: experiment based on Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP1 with low climate change mitigation and adaptation challenges and RCP2.6, a future pathway with a radiative forcing of 2.6 W/m2 in the year 2100.\r\nSSP3-7.0: experiment based on Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP3 which is characterised by high challenges to both mitigation and adaptation and RCP7.0, a future pathway with a radiative forcing of 7.0 W/m2 in the year 2100.\r\nScenarioMIP: the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project simulates climate outcomes based on alternative plausible future scenarios.\r\nCMIP6: is the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, a global collaboration of climate modellers.", "creationDate": "2025-02-04T13:39:07.370800", "lastUpdatedDate": "2025-02-04T13:40:51", "latestDataUpdateTime": null, "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "The simulations are initialised from the CESM2 Large Ensemble (LE) historical experiments. The baseline SSP370 RAMIP experiment comes directly from the CESM2-LE project. In particular, CESM2 RAMIP uses 10 of the macroperturbation runs (i.e., each ensemble member is initialized from a different year in the preindustrial control simulation) that use an 11-year running mean filter to smooth the CMIP6 biomass burning emissions, including members\r\n\r\nAnthropogenic emissions designed for the ScenarioMIP experiments SSP3-7.0 and SSP1-2.6 are used. All experiments follow SSP3-7.0, with perturbations to regional aerosol and precursor emissions using SSP1-2.6 emissions, following the RAMIP protocol. Data are provided for a subset of CMIP6 variables, following their CMIP6 definitions. Some 3D variables are produced at reduced vertical resolution compared to CMIP6. These are identified with new variable names, as set out in the RAMIP data request: https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/16/4451/2023/", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "aerosol, extremes, near-term projections, RAMIP", "publicationState": "working", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 4678, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": 180.0, "westBoundLongitude": -180.0, "southBoundLatitude": -90.0, "northBoundLatitude": 90.0 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 45979, "dataPath": "/badc/deposited2026/RAMIP_CESM2/RAMIP_RAW_SIX_HOUR_DATA/", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 2276767704510, "numberOfFiles": 38597, "fileFormat": "NetCDF" }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 12043, "startTime": "2015-01-01T00:00:00", "endTime": "2079-12-31T00:00:00" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 4651, "explanation": "Quality control checks (CEDA-CC and CF compliance) were performed by the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) to ensure that the data meets the RAMIP and CMIP6Plus metadata requirements.", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "CEDA Data Quality Statement", "date": "2025-02-04" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": null, "procedureComputation": { "ob_id": 43461, "uuid": "14416e8347a64c31bb0b2fc744a21331", "short_code": "comp", "title": "CESM2", "abstract": "The CESM2 climate model, released in 2018, includes the following components:\r\naerosol: MAM4 (same grid as atmos), atmos: CAM6 (0.9x1.25 finite volume grid; 288 x 192 longitude/latitude; 32 levels; top level 2.25 mb), atmosChem: MAM4 (same grid as atmos), land: CLM5 (same grid as atmos), landIce: CISM2.1, ocean: POP2 (320x384 longitude/latitude; 60 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), ocnBgchem: MARBL (same grid as ocean), seaIce: CICE5.1 (same grid as ocean). \r\n\r\nFor CESM2-LE, the model was run by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80305, USA (NCAR) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmos: 100 km, atmosChem: 100 km, land: 100 km, landIce: 5 km, ocean: 100 km, ocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km. For RAMIP, the model was run by the University of California Riverside at NCAR using the cheyenne supercomputer using the same native nominal resolutions." }, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [ 230 ], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 43444, "uuid": "4680fd74cf2244ba8476ed2617e3b41f", "short_code": "proj", "title": "The Regional Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project (RAMIP)", "abstract": "The Regional Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project (RAMIP) will deliver experiments designed to quantify the role of regional aerosol emissions changes in near-term projections. This is unlike any prior MIP, where the focus has been on changes in global emissions and/or very idealised aerosol experiments. Perturbing regional emissions makes RAMIP novel from a scientific standpoint and links the intended analyses more directly to mitigation and adaptation policy issues. From a science perspective, there is limited information on how realistic regional aerosol emissions impact local as well as remote climate conditions. Here, RAMIP will enable an evaluation of the full range of potential influences of realistic and regionally varied aerosol emission changes on near-future climate. From the policy perspective, RAMIP addresses the burning question of how local and remote decisions affecting emissions of aerosols influence climate change in any given region. Here, RAMIP will provide the information needed to make direct links between regional climate policies and regional climate change.\r\n\r\nRAMIP experiments are designed to explore sensitivities to aerosol type and location and provide improved constraints on uncertainties driven by aerosol radiative forcing and the dynamical response to aerosol changes. The core experiments will assess the effects of differences in future global and regional (Africa and the Middle East, East Asia, North America and Europe, and South Asia) aerosol emission trajectories through 2051, while optional experiments will test the nonlinear effects of varying emission locations and aerosol types along this future trajectory. All experiments are based on the shared socioeconomic pathways and are intended to be performed with 6th Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) generation models, initialised from the CMIP6 historical experiments, to facilitate comparisons with existing projections. Requested outputs will enable the analysis of the role of aerosol in near-future changes in, for example, temperature and precipitation means and extremes, storms, and air quality." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 28669, 28670, 52192, 52193, 54933, 54934, 54935, 54936, 54937, 54938, 54939, 54940, 54941, 54943, 54944, 54946, 54947, 54948, 54949, 54952, 54954, 54955, 54956, 54963, 54964, 54965, 55077, 55078, 55080, 63011, 93591, 93592, 93593, 93594, 93595, 93596, 93597, 93598, 93599, 93600, 93601, 93602, 93603, 93604, 93605, 93606, 93607, 93608, 93609, 93610, 93611, 93612, 93613 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219763, 219764, 219765, 219766, 219767, 219768, 219761, 219762 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 95609, 95611, 95610 ] }, { "ob_id": 45980, "uuid": "a0daee18c6bb48a3902b5837e3051ad7", "title": "test", "abstract": "dsdgvfgd ghf dfhdsfh dsfh sdghsdg hdsghsd hdfgh dfgdfgj fgdhfgj fdgh", "creationDate": "2026-05-28T14:11:02.399843", "lastUpdatedDate": "2026-05-28T14:11:02.399845", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2026-05-28T14:11:02.399847", "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "from some place", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "", "publicationState": "working", "nonGeographicFlag": true, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": null, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": null, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13211, "startTime": "2026-05-20T00:00:00", "endTime": "2026-05-30T00:00:00" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 4916, "explanation": "bad data", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "CEDA Data Quality Statement", "date": "2026-05-28" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": null, "procedureComputation": null, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [], "projects": [], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219769, 219770, 219771, 219772, 219773, 219774, 219775 ], "onlineresource_set": [] }, { "ob_id": 45981, "uuid": "386b3c1ee2054ef5ae0d73060963a9f1", "title": "HadUK-Grid Climate Observations by Administrative Regions over the UK, v1.3.2.ceda (1836-2025)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. These data at 1 km resolution have been averaged across a set of discrete geographies defining UK administrative regions consistent with data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2025 but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n\r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57", "latestDataUpdateTime": null, "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "Data provided by the UK Met Office for archiving in the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) archives.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "Met Office, UKCP18, BEIS, Defra, land surface, climate observations, hadobs", "publicationState": "working", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 2307, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": 1.76, "westBoundLongitude": -8.18, "southBoundLatitude": 49.86, "northBoundLatitude": 60.86 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 45995, "dataPath": "/badc/ukmo-hadobs/data/insitu/MOHC/HadOBS/HadUK-Grid/v1.3.2.ceda/region/", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 22164957, "numberOfFiles": 163, "fileFormat": "Data are NetCDF formatted" }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13218, "startTime": "1836-01-01T00:00:00", "endTime": "2025-12-31T23:59:59" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 3946, "explanation": "Data quality control details for the HadUK-Grid version 1.0 datasets is available in section 2.2. of Hollis et al. (2019). See linked documentation for further details.", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "HadUK-Grid v1.1 Data Quality Statement", "date": "2022-05-13" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": null, "procedureComputation": { "ob_id": 26870, "uuid": "b1b352825f5548a8bf0639afe335f5ae", "short_code": "comp", "title": "HadUK-Grid gridded climate observations methodology", "abstract": "The gridded data sets are based on the archive of UK weather observations held at the Met Office. The density of the station network used varies through time, and for different climate variables - for example, for the temperature variables the number of stations rises from about 270 in 1910s to 600 in the mid-1990s, before falling to 450 in 2006. Regression and interpolation are used to generate values on a regular grid from the irregular station network, taking into account factors such as latitude and longitude, altitude and terrain shape, coastal influence, and urban land use. This alleviates the impact of station openings and closures on homogeneity, but the impacts of a changing station network cannot be removed entirely, especially in areas of complex topography or sparse station coverage.\r\n\r\nThe methods used to generate the grids are described in more detail in a paper published by Hollis et al. (2019) https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.78 (see linked documentation on this record).\r\n\r\nTo help users combine the observational data sets with the UKCP18 climate projections, the 1km x 1km grid is averaged to grids at resolutions to match those of the climate projections. Each 5 x 5 km, 12 x 12 km, 25 x 25 km or 60 x 60 km grid box value is an average of the all the 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within it. A set of regional values for UK administrative regions, river basins and countries are calculated as the average of all 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within the defined geography." }, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [ 69 ], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [ { "ob_id": 2522, "accessConstraints": null, "accessCategory": "registered", "accessRoles": null, "label": "registered: None group", "licence": { "ob_id": 3, "licenceURL": "http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/", "licenceClassifications": [ { "ob_id": 3, "classification": "any" } ] } } ], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 13164, "uuid": "ce252c81a7bd4717834055e31716b265", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Met Office Hadley Centre - Observations and Climate", "abstract": "The Met Office Hadley Centre is one of the UK's foremost climate change research centres.\r\n\r\nThe Hadley Centre produces world-class guidance on the science of climate change and provide a focus in the UK for the scientific issues associated with climate science.\r\n\r\nLargely co-funded by Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) and Defra (the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), the centre provides in-depth information to, and advise, the Government on climate science issues.\r\n\r\nAs one of the world's leading centres for climate science research, the Hadley Centre scientists make significant contributions to peer-reviewed literature and to a variety of climate science reports, including the Assessment Report of the IPCC. The Hadley Centre climate projections were the basis for the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 26862, "uuid": "4dc8450d889a491ebb20e724debe2dfb", "short_code": "coll", "title": "HadUK-Grid gridded and regional average climate observations for the UK", "abstract": "This Dataset Collection contains a number of different versions of the HadUK-Grid dataset, each of which present a set of gridded climate variables extending from the present back to the 19th Century. The primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of the UK climate and research into climate variability, climate change, impacts and adaptation. The Met Office uses these data for operational monitoring of the UK's climate.\r\n\r\nThe data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid at 1km by 1km resolution to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The 1km data set has been regridded to different resolutions and regional averages to create a collection allowing for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections.\r\n\r\nA new version of HadUK-Grid is released each year. The latest version is v1.3.1.ceda, released in June 2025 and containing data up to the end of 2024. A summary of previous releases can be found below. Provisional data for more recent months can be found on the Met Office web site https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadukgrid/.\r\n\r\nEach version comprises eight Datasets - gridded data at 1, 5, 12, 25 and 60 km resolution, plus three sets of area averages (UK countries, admin regions and river basins).\r\n\r\nThe earliest year of data varies by variable and has changed as more data are digitised. Currently the start years are:\r\n1836 (monthly rainfall)\r\n1884 (monthly max/mean/min air temperature)\r\n1891 (daily rainfall)\r\n1910 (monthly sunshine)\r\n1931 (daily max/min air temperature)\r\n1961 (monthly days of ground frost, relative humidity, mean sea level pressure and vapour pressure)\r\n1969 (monthly mean wind speed)\r\n1971 (monthly days of lying snow)\r\n\r\nThe grids are provided at daily (max/min air temperature and rainfall only), monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods.\r\n\r\nThe latest release has been created by the Met Office funded by the UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT).\r\n\r\nPrevious versions were created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project.\r\n\r\nFor all versions, the data recovery activity to supplement 19th and early 20th Century data availability has also been funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC grant ref: NE/L01016X/1) project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\".\r\n\r\nThe data are provided under Open Government Licence v3 (see each dataset for links to licence and associated citations to use).\r\n\r\nList of dataset versions (latest first) and key differences (each release also extends the dataset by one year):\r\n\r\nv1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024) - Daily temperature extended back to 1931 (from 1960). Historical data recovery has improved daily rainfall over Scotland for 1922-1945.\r\nv1.3.0.ceda (1836-2023) - Historical data recovery has improved daily rainfall over Scotland for 1945-1960.\r\nv1.2.0.ceda (1836-2022) - Monthly sunshine extended back to 1910 (from 1919). Incorporation of Rainfall Rescue v2.\r\nv1.1.0.0 (1836-2021) - Addition of climate averages for 1991-2020. Rainfall Rescue v1 dataset incorporated into the monthly rainfall grids which are extended back to 1836 (from 1862).\r\nv1.0.3.0 (1862-2020)\r\nv1.0.2.1 (1862-2019) - Monthly sunshine extended back to 1919 (from 1929). Historical data recovery has also improved monthly rainfall 1862-1910, daily rainfall 1891-1910 and monthly temperature 1900-1909. Correction to the grid definition for 12 km grid product to match the UKCP18 climate model products.\r\nv1.0.1.0 (1862-2018) - Addition of 5km data.\r\nv1.0.0.0 (1862-2017) - Initial release.\r\n\r\nSee the change log file for each version for further details.\r\n\r\nNote: The introduction of the '.ceda' suffix was done to highlight that CEDA is the source of these data files compared to other potential sources (e.g. the UKCP User Interface https://ukclimateprojections-ui.metoffice.gov.uk/ui/home) The data values are the same - it is the way the data are packaged that may differ between sources.\r\n\r\nEach version following the initial release is accompanied by change log files. These list new files in the version compared with the previous version plus summary totals of the number of files that remained the same, modified and removed. Links to these change logs are available in the 'Details/Docs' section of each dataset. Additionally, a summary change log file is provided which gives an overview of all changes to the data sources and processing methods since the initial release. This summary can be found in the 'Details/Docs' section below or via the individual datasets.\r\n\r\nThis collection supersedes the UKCP09 Dataset Collection and contains all datasets within the major version 1 release (i.e. v1.#.#.#). See Hollis et al. (2019; linked documentation) for details on the version numbering utilised." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219776, 219777, 219778, 219779, 219780, 219781, 219782, 219783, 219786, 219784, 219785, 219787, 219788, 219789, 219790 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 95613, 95612, 95614, 95615, 95616, 95617 ] }, { "ob_id": 45982, "uuid": "ca4c331d666f4395b1346db9070094ab", "title": "HadUK-Grid Climate Observations by UK countries, v1.3.2.ceda (1836-2025)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. These data at 1 km resolution have been averaged across a set of discrete geographies defining UK countries consistent with data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2025, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n\r\n Changes to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2025\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57", "latestDataUpdateTime": null, "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "Data provided by the UK Met Office for archiving in the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) archives.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "Met Office, UKCP18, BEIS, Defra, land surface, climate observations, hadobs", "publicationState": "working", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 2309, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": 1.76, "westBoundLongitude": -8.18, "southBoundLatitude": 49.16, "northBoundLatitude": 60.86 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 45996, "dataPath": "/badc/ukmo-hadobs/data/insitu/MOHC/HadOBS/HadUK-Grid/v1.3.2.ceda/country/", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 14483437, "numberOfFiles": 163, "fileFormat": "Data are NetCDF formatted" }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13219, "startTime": "1836-01-01T00:00:00", "endTime": "2025-12-31T23:59:59" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 3946, "explanation": "Data quality control details for the HadUK-Grid version 1.0 datasets is available in section 2.2. of Hollis et al. (2019). See linked documentation for further details.", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "HadUK-Grid v1.1 Data Quality Statement", "date": "2022-05-13" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": null, "procedureComputation": { "ob_id": 26870, "uuid": "b1b352825f5548a8bf0639afe335f5ae", "short_code": "comp", "title": "HadUK-Grid gridded climate observations methodology", "abstract": "The gridded data sets are based on the archive of UK weather observations held at the Met Office. The density of the station network used varies through time, and for different climate variables - for example, for the temperature variables the number of stations rises from about 270 in 1910s to 600 in the mid-1990s, before falling to 450 in 2006. Regression and interpolation are used to generate values on a regular grid from the irregular station network, taking into account factors such as latitude and longitude, altitude and terrain shape, coastal influence, and urban land use. This alleviates the impact of station openings and closures on homogeneity, but the impacts of a changing station network cannot be removed entirely, especially in areas of complex topography or sparse station coverage.\r\n\r\nThe methods used to generate the grids are described in more detail in a paper published by Hollis et al. (2019) https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.78 (see linked documentation on this record).\r\n\r\nTo help users combine the observational data sets with the UKCP18 climate projections, the 1km x 1km grid is averaged to grids at resolutions to match those of the climate projections. Each 5 x 5 km, 12 x 12 km, 25 x 25 km or 60 x 60 km grid box value is an average of the all the 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within it. A set of regional values for UK administrative regions, river basins and countries are calculated as the average of all 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within the defined geography." }, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [ 69 ], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [ { "ob_id": 2522, "accessConstraints": null, "accessCategory": "registered", "accessRoles": null, "label": "registered: None group", "licence": { "ob_id": 3, "licenceURL": "http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/", "licenceClassifications": [ { "ob_id": 3, "classification": "any" } ] } } ], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 13164, "uuid": "ce252c81a7bd4717834055e31716b265", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Met Office Hadley Centre - Observations and Climate", "abstract": "The Met Office Hadley Centre is one of the UK's foremost climate change research centres.\r\n\r\nThe Hadley Centre produces world-class guidance on the science of climate change and provide a focus in the UK for the scientific issues associated with climate science.\r\n\r\nLargely co-funded by Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) and Defra (the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), the centre provides in-depth information to, and advise, the Government on climate science issues.\r\n\r\nAs one of the world's leading centres for climate science research, the Hadley Centre scientists make significant contributions to peer-reviewed literature and to a variety of climate science reports, including the Assessment Report of the IPCC. The Hadley Centre climate projections were the basis for the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 26862, "uuid": "4dc8450d889a491ebb20e724debe2dfb", "short_code": "coll", "title": "HadUK-Grid gridded and regional average climate observations for the UK", "abstract": "This Dataset Collection contains a number of different versions of the HadUK-Grid dataset, each of which present a set of gridded climate variables extending from the present back to the 19th Century. The primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of the UK climate and research into climate variability, climate change, impacts and adaptation. The Met Office uses these data for operational monitoring of the UK's climate.\r\n\r\nThe data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid at 1km by 1km resolution to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The 1km data set has been regridded to different resolutions and regional averages to create a collection allowing for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections.\r\n\r\nA new version of HadUK-Grid is released each year. The latest version is v1.3.1.ceda, released in June 2025 and containing data up to the end of 2024. A summary of previous releases can be found below. Provisional data for more recent months can be found on the Met Office web site https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadukgrid/.\r\n\r\nEach version comprises eight Datasets - gridded data at 1, 5, 12, 25 and 60 km resolution, plus three sets of area averages (UK countries, admin regions and river basins).\r\n\r\nThe earliest year of data varies by variable and has changed as more data are digitised. Currently the start years are:\r\n1836 (monthly rainfall)\r\n1884 (monthly max/mean/min air temperature)\r\n1891 (daily rainfall)\r\n1910 (monthly sunshine)\r\n1931 (daily max/min air temperature)\r\n1961 (monthly days of ground frost, relative humidity, mean sea level pressure and vapour pressure)\r\n1969 (monthly mean wind speed)\r\n1971 (monthly days of lying snow)\r\n\r\nThe grids are provided at daily (max/min air temperature and rainfall only), monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods.\r\n\r\nThe latest release has been created by the Met Office funded by the UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT).\r\n\r\nPrevious versions were created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project.\r\n\r\nFor all versions, the data recovery activity to supplement 19th and early 20th Century data availability has also been funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC grant ref: NE/L01016X/1) project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\".\r\n\r\nThe data are provided under Open Government Licence v3 (see each dataset for links to licence and associated citations to use).\r\n\r\nList of dataset versions (latest first) and key differences (each release also extends the dataset by one year):\r\n\r\nv1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024) - Daily temperature extended back to 1931 (from 1960). Historical data recovery has improved daily rainfall over Scotland for 1922-1945.\r\nv1.3.0.ceda (1836-2023) - Historical data recovery has improved daily rainfall over Scotland for 1945-1960.\r\nv1.2.0.ceda (1836-2022) - Monthly sunshine extended back to 1910 (from 1919). Incorporation of Rainfall Rescue v2.\r\nv1.1.0.0 (1836-2021) - Addition of climate averages for 1991-2020. Rainfall Rescue v1 dataset incorporated into the monthly rainfall grids which are extended back to 1836 (from 1862).\r\nv1.0.3.0 (1862-2020)\r\nv1.0.2.1 (1862-2019) - Monthly sunshine extended back to 1919 (from 1929). Historical data recovery has also improved monthly rainfall 1862-1910, daily rainfall 1891-1910 and monthly temperature 1900-1909. Correction to the grid definition for 12 km grid product to match the UKCP18 climate model products.\r\nv1.0.1.0 (1862-2018) - Addition of 5km data.\r\nv1.0.0.0 (1862-2017) - Initial release.\r\n\r\nSee the change log file for each version for further details.\r\n\r\nNote: The introduction of the '.ceda' suffix was done to highlight that CEDA is the source of these data files compared to other potential sources (e.g. the UKCP User Interface https://ukclimateprojections-ui.metoffice.gov.uk/ui/home) The data values are the same - it is the way the data are packaged that may differ between sources.\r\n\r\nEach version following the initial release is accompanied by change log files. These list new files in the version compared with the previous version plus summary totals of the number of files that remained the same, modified and removed. Links to these change logs are available in the 'Details/Docs' section of each dataset. Additionally, a summary change log file is provided which gives an overview of all changes to the data sources and processing methods since the initial release. This summary can be found in the 'Details/Docs' section below or via the individual datasets.\r\n\r\nThis collection supersedes the UKCP09 Dataset Collection and contains all datasets within the major version 1 release (i.e. v1.#.#.#). See Hollis et al. (2019; linked documentation) for details on the version numbering utilised." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219796, 219797, 219798, 219791, 219792, 219793, 219794, 219795, 219799, 219801, 219800, 219802, 219803, 219804, 219805 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 95618, 95619, 95620, 95621, 95622 ] }, { "ob_id": 45983, "uuid": "890a2f8a3b2542fbb9618eba906f032a", "title": "HadUK-Grid Climate Observations by UK river basins, v1.3.2.ceda (1836-2025)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. These data at 1 km resolution have been averaged across a set of discrete geographies defining UK river basins consistent with data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2025, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2025\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57", "latestDataUpdateTime": null, "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "Data provided by the UK Met Office for archiving in the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) archives.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "Met Office, UKCP18, BEIS, Defra, land surface, climate observations, hadobs", "publicationState": "working", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 2308, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": 1.76, "westBoundLongitude": -8.84, "southBoundLatitude": 49.86, "northBoundLatitude": 60.86 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 45994, "dataPath": "/badc/ukmo-hadobs/data/insitu/MOHC/HadOBS/HadUK-Grid/v1.3.2.ceda/river/", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 29043151, "numberOfFiles": 163, "fileFormat": "Data are NetCDF formatted" }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13217, "startTime": "1836-01-01T00:00:00", "endTime": "2025-12-31T23:59:59" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 3946, "explanation": "Data quality control details for the HadUK-Grid version 1.0 datasets is available in section 2.2. of Hollis et al. (2019). See linked documentation for further details.", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "HadUK-Grid v1.1 Data Quality Statement", "date": "2022-05-13" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": null, "procedureComputation": { "ob_id": 26870, "uuid": "b1b352825f5548a8bf0639afe335f5ae", "short_code": "comp", "title": "HadUK-Grid gridded climate observations methodology", "abstract": "The gridded data sets are based on the archive of UK weather observations held at the Met Office. The density of the station network used varies through time, and for different climate variables - for example, for the temperature variables the number of stations rises from about 270 in 1910s to 600 in the mid-1990s, before falling to 450 in 2006. Regression and interpolation are used to generate values on a regular grid from the irregular station network, taking into account factors such as latitude and longitude, altitude and terrain shape, coastal influence, and urban land use. This alleviates the impact of station openings and closures on homogeneity, but the impacts of a changing station network cannot be removed entirely, especially in areas of complex topography or sparse station coverage.\r\n\r\nThe methods used to generate the grids are described in more detail in a paper published by Hollis et al. (2019) https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.78 (see linked documentation on this record).\r\n\r\nTo help users combine the observational data sets with the UKCP18 climate projections, the 1km x 1km grid is averaged to grids at resolutions to match those of the climate projections. Each 5 x 5 km, 12 x 12 km, 25 x 25 km or 60 x 60 km grid box value is an average of the all the 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within it. A set of regional values for UK administrative regions, river basins and countries are calculated as the average of all 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within the defined geography." }, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [ 69 ], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [ { "ob_id": 2522, "accessConstraints": null, "accessCategory": "registered", "accessRoles": null, "label": "registered: None group", "licence": { "ob_id": 3, "licenceURL": "http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/", "licenceClassifications": [ { "ob_id": 3, "classification": "any" } ] } } ], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 13164, "uuid": "ce252c81a7bd4717834055e31716b265", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Met Office Hadley Centre - Observations and Climate", "abstract": "The Met Office Hadley Centre is one of the UK's foremost climate change research centres.\r\n\r\nThe Hadley Centre produces world-class guidance on the science of climate change and provide a focus in the UK for the scientific issues associated with climate science.\r\n\r\nLargely co-funded by Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) and Defra (the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), the centre provides in-depth information to, and advise, the Government on climate science issues.\r\n\r\nAs one of the world's leading centres for climate science research, the Hadley Centre scientists make significant contributions to peer-reviewed literature and to a variety of climate science reports, including the Assessment Report of the IPCC. The Hadley Centre climate projections were the basis for the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 26862, "uuid": "4dc8450d889a491ebb20e724debe2dfb", "short_code": "coll", "title": "HadUK-Grid gridded and regional average climate observations for the UK", "abstract": "This Dataset Collection contains a number of different versions of the HadUK-Grid dataset, each of which present a set of gridded climate variables extending from the present back to the 19th Century. The primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of the UK climate and research into climate variability, climate change, impacts and adaptation. The Met Office uses these data for operational monitoring of the UK's climate.\r\n\r\nThe data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid at 1km by 1km resolution to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The 1km data set has been regridded to different resolutions and regional averages to create a collection allowing for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections.\r\n\r\nA new version of HadUK-Grid is released each year. The latest version is v1.3.1.ceda, released in June 2025 and containing data up to the end of 2024. A summary of previous releases can be found below. Provisional data for more recent months can be found on the Met Office web site https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadukgrid/.\r\n\r\nEach version comprises eight Datasets - gridded data at 1, 5, 12, 25 and 60 km resolution, plus three sets of area averages (UK countries, admin regions and river basins).\r\n\r\nThe earliest year of data varies by variable and has changed as more data are digitised. Currently the start years are:\r\n1836 (monthly rainfall)\r\n1884 (monthly max/mean/min air temperature)\r\n1891 (daily rainfall)\r\n1910 (monthly sunshine)\r\n1931 (daily max/min air temperature)\r\n1961 (monthly days of ground frost, relative humidity, mean sea level pressure and vapour pressure)\r\n1969 (monthly mean wind speed)\r\n1971 (monthly days of lying snow)\r\n\r\nThe grids are provided at daily (max/min air temperature and rainfall only), monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods.\r\n\r\nThe latest release has been created by the Met Office funded by the UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT).\r\n\r\nPrevious versions were created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project.\r\n\r\nFor all versions, the data recovery activity to supplement 19th and early 20th Century data availability has also been funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC grant ref: NE/L01016X/1) project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\".\r\n\r\nThe data are provided under Open Government Licence v3 (see each dataset for links to licence and associated citations to use).\r\n\r\nList of dataset versions (latest first) and key differences (each release also extends the dataset by one year):\r\n\r\nv1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024) - Daily temperature extended back to 1931 (from 1960). Historical data recovery has improved daily rainfall over Scotland for 1922-1945.\r\nv1.3.0.ceda (1836-2023) - Historical data recovery has improved daily rainfall over Scotland for 1945-1960.\r\nv1.2.0.ceda (1836-2022) - Monthly sunshine extended back to 1910 (from 1919). Incorporation of Rainfall Rescue v2.\r\nv1.1.0.0 (1836-2021) - Addition of climate averages for 1991-2020. Rainfall Rescue v1 dataset incorporated into the monthly rainfall grids which are extended back to 1836 (from 1862).\r\nv1.0.3.0 (1862-2020)\r\nv1.0.2.1 (1862-2019) - Monthly sunshine extended back to 1919 (from 1929). Historical data recovery has also improved monthly rainfall 1862-1910, daily rainfall 1891-1910 and monthly temperature 1900-1909. Correction to the grid definition for 12 km grid product to match the UKCP18 climate model products.\r\nv1.0.1.0 (1862-2018) - Addition of 5km data.\r\nv1.0.0.0 (1862-2017) - Initial release.\r\n\r\nSee the change log file for each version for further details.\r\n\r\nNote: The introduction of the '.ceda' suffix was done to highlight that CEDA is the source of these data files compared to other potential sources (e.g. the UKCP User Interface https://ukclimateprojections-ui.metoffice.gov.uk/ui/home) The data values are the same - it is the way the data are packaged that may differ between sources.\r\n\r\nEach version following the initial release is accompanied by change log files. These list new files in the version compared with the previous version plus summary totals of the number of files that remained the same, modified and removed. Links to these change logs are available in the 'Details/Docs' section of each dataset. Additionally, a summary change log file is provided which gives an overview of all changes to the data sources and processing methods since the initial release. This summary can be found in the 'Details/Docs' section below or via the individual datasets.\r\n\r\nThis collection supersedes the UKCP09 Dataset Collection and contains all datasets within the major version 1 release (i.e. v1.#.#.#). See Hollis et al. (2019; linked documentation) for details on the version numbering utilised." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219813, 219806, 219807, 219808, 219809, 219810, 219811, 219812, 219816, 219814, 219815, 219817, 219818, 219819, 219820 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 95623, 95624, 95625, 95626, 95627 ] }, { "ob_id": 45984, "uuid": "d6fe2f491e2f45be95c95fbcbd45c4e3", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 12km grid over the UK, v1.3.2.ceda (1836-2025)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The dataset at 12 km resolution is derived from the associated 1 km x 1 km resolution to allow for comparison to data from climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2025, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation). \r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2025\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57", "latestDataUpdateTime": null, "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "Data provided by the UK Met Office for archiving in the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) archives.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "Met Office, UKCP18, BEIS, Defra, land surface, climate observations, hadobs", "publicationState": "working", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 2305, "bboxName": "HadUK-Grid area", "eastBoundLongitude": 4.59, "westBoundLongitude": -12.61, "southBoundLatitude": 48.83, "northBoundLatitude": 60.57 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 45993, "dataPath": "/badc/ukmo-hadobs/data/insitu/MOHC/HadOBS/HadUK-Grid/v1.3.2.ceda/12km/", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 3333403049, "numberOfFiles": 7270, "fileFormat": "Data are NetCDF formatted" }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13214, "startTime": "1836-01-01T00:00:00", "endTime": "2025-12-31T23:59:59" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 3946, "explanation": "Data quality control details for the HadUK-Grid version 1.0 datasets is available in section 2.2. of Hollis et al. (2019). See linked documentation for further details.", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "HadUK-Grid v1.1 Data Quality Statement", "date": "2022-05-13" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": null, "procedureComputation": { "ob_id": 26870, "uuid": "b1b352825f5548a8bf0639afe335f5ae", "short_code": "comp", "title": "HadUK-Grid gridded climate observations methodology", "abstract": "The gridded data sets are based on the archive of UK weather observations held at the Met Office. The density of the station network used varies through time, and for different climate variables - for example, for the temperature variables the number of stations rises from about 270 in 1910s to 600 in the mid-1990s, before falling to 450 in 2006. Regression and interpolation are used to generate values on a regular grid from the irregular station network, taking into account factors such as latitude and longitude, altitude and terrain shape, coastal influence, and urban land use. This alleviates the impact of station openings and closures on homogeneity, but the impacts of a changing station network cannot be removed entirely, especially in areas of complex topography or sparse station coverage.\r\n\r\nThe methods used to generate the grids are described in more detail in a paper published by Hollis et al. (2019) https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.78 (see linked documentation on this record).\r\n\r\nTo help users combine the observational data sets with the UKCP18 climate projections, the 1km x 1km grid is averaged to grids at resolutions to match those of the climate projections. Each 5 x 5 km, 12 x 12 km, 25 x 25 km or 60 x 60 km grid box value is an average of the all the 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within it. A set of regional values for UK administrative regions, river basins and countries are calculated as the average of all 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within the defined geography." }, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [ 69 ], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [ { "ob_id": 2522, "accessConstraints": null, "accessCategory": "registered", "accessRoles": null, "label": "registered: None group", "licence": { "ob_id": 3, "licenceURL": "http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/", "licenceClassifications": [ { "ob_id": 3, "classification": "any" } ] } } ], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 13164, "uuid": "ce252c81a7bd4717834055e31716b265", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Met Office Hadley Centre - Observations and Climate", "abstract": "The Met Office Hadley Centre is one of the UK's foremost climate change research centres.\r\n\r\nThe Hadley Centre produces world-class guidance on the science of climate change and provide a focus in the UK for the scientific issues associated with climate science.\r\n\r\nLargely co-funded by Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) and Defra (the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), the centre provides in-depth information to, and advise, the Government on climate science issues.\r\n\r\nAs one of the world's leading centres for climate science research, the Hadley Centre scientists make significant contributions to peer-reviewed literature and to a variety of climate science reports, including the Assessment Report of the IPCC. The Hadley Centre climate projections were the basis for the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 26862, "uuid": "4dc8450d889a491ebb20e724debe2dfb", "short_code": "coll", "title": "HadUK-Grid gridded and regional average climate observations for the UK", "abstract": "This Dataset Collection contains a number of different versions of the HadUK-Grid dataset, each of which present a set of gridded climate variables extending from the present back to the 19th Century. The primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of the UK climate and research into climate variability, climate change, impacts and adaptation. The Met Office uses these data for operational monitoring of the UK's climate.\r\n\r\nThe data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid at 1km by 1km resolution to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The 1km data set has been regridded to different resolutions and regional averages to create a collection allowing for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections.\r\n\r\nA new version of HadUK-Grid is released each year. The latest version is v1.3.1.ceda, released in June 2025 and containing data up to the end of 2024. A summary of previous releases can be found below. Provisional data for more recent months can be found on the Met Office web site https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadukgrid/.\r\n\r\nEach version comprises eight Datasets - gridded data at 1, 5, 12, 25 and 60 km resolution, plus three sets of area averages (UK countries, admin regions and river basins).\r\n\r\nThe earliest year of data varies by variable and has changed as more data are digitised. Currently the start years are:\r\n1836 (monthly rainfall)\r\n1884 (monthly max/mean/min air temperature)\r\n1891 (daily rainfall)\r\n1910 (monthly sunshine)\r\n1931 (daily max/min air temperature)\r\n1961 (monthly days of ground frost, relative humidity, mean sea level pressure and vapour pressure)\r\n1969 (monthly mean wind speed)\r\n1971 (monthly days of lying snow)\r\n\r\nThe grids are provided at daily (max/min air temperature and rainfall only), monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods.\r\n\r\nThe latest release has been created by the Met Office funded by the UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT).\r\n\r\nPrevious versions were created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project.\r\n\r\nFor all versions, the data recovery activity to supplement 19th and early 20th Century data availability has also been funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC grant ref: NE/L01016X/1) project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\".\r\n\r\nThe data are provided under Open Government Licence v3 (see each dataset for links to licence and associated citations to use).\r\n\r\nList of dataset versions (latest first) and key differences (each release also extends the dataset by one year):\r\n\r\nv1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024) - Daily temperature extended back to 1931 (from 1960). Historical data recovery has improved daily rainfall over Scotland for 1922-1945.\r\nv1.3.0.ceda (1836-2023) - Historical data recovery has improved daily rainfall over Scotland for 1945-1960.\r\nv1.2.0.ceda (1836-2022) - Monthly sunshine extended back to 1910 (from 1919). Incorporation of Rainfall Rescue v2.\r\nv1.1.0.0 (1836-2021) - Addition of climate averages for 1991-2020. Rainfall Rescue v1 dataset incorporated into the monthly rainfall grids which are extended back to 1836 (from 1862).\r\nv1.0.3.0 (1862-2020)\r\nv1.0.2.1 (1862-2019) - Monthly sunshine extended back to 1919 (from 1929). Historical data recovery has also improved monthly rainfall 1862-1910, daily rainfall 1891-1910 and monthly temperature 1900-1909. Correction to the grid definition for 12 km grid product to match the UKCP18 climate model products.\r\nv1.0.1.0 (1862-2018) - Addition of 5km data.\r\nv1.0.0.0 (1862-2017) - Initial release.\r\n\r\nSee the change log file for each version for further details.\r\n\r\nNote: The introduction of the '.ceda' suffix was done to highlight that CEDA is the source of these data files compared to other potential sources (e.g. the UKCP User Interface https://ukclimateprojections-ui.metoffice.gov.uk/ui/home) The data values are the same - it is the way the data are packaged that may differ between sources.\r\n\r\nEach version following the initial release is accompanied by change log files. These list new files in the version compared with the previous version plus summary totals of the number of files that remained the same, modified and removed. Links to these change logs are available in the 'Details/Docs' section of each dataset. Additionally, a summary change log file is provided which gives an overview of all changes to the data sources and processing methods since the initial release. This summary can be found in the 'Details/Docs' section below or via the individual datasets.\r\n\r\nThis collection supersedes the UKCP09 Dataset Collection and contains all datasets within the major version 1 release (i.e. v1.#.#.#). See Hollis et al. (2019; linked documentation) for details on the version numbering utilised." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219824, 219825, 219826, 219821, 219822, 219823, 219827, 219828, 219830, 219829, 219831, 219832, 219833, 219834, 219835 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 95632, 95628, 95629, 95630, 95631 ] }, { "ob_id": 45985, "uuid": "789b3065d74a4c948ab05d33556c86d0", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.2.ceda (1836-2025)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2025, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2025\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57", "latestDataUpdateTime": null, "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "Data provided by the UK Met Office for archiving in the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) archives.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "Met Office, UKCP18, BEIS, Defra, land surface, climate observations, hadobs", "publicationState": "working", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 2305, "bboxName": "HadUK-Grid area", "eastBoundLongitude": 4.59, "westBoundLongitude": -12.61, "southBoundLatitude": 48.83, "northBoundLatitude": 60.57 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 45991, "dataPath": "/badc/ukmo-hadobs/data/insitu/MOHC/HadOBS/HadUK-Grid/v1.3.2.ceda/1km/", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 379121118409, "numberOfFiles": 7270, "fileFormat": "Data are NetCDF formatted" }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13212, "startTime": "1836-01-01T00:00:00", "endTime": "2025-12-31T23:59:59" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 3946, "explanation": "Data quality control details for the HadUK-Grid version 1.0 datasets is available in section 2.2. of Hollis et al. (2019). See linked documentation for further details.", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "HadUK-Grid v1.1 Data Quality Statement", "date": "2022-05-13" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": null, "procedureComputation": { "ob_id": 26870, "uuid": "b1b352825f5548a8bf0639afe335f5ae", "short_code": "comp", "title": "HadUK-Grid gridded climate observations methodology", "abstract": "The gridded data sets are based on the archive of UK weather observations held at the Met Office. The density of the station network used varies through time, and for different climate variables - for example, for the temperature variables the number of stations rises from about 270 in 1910s to 600 in the mid-1990s, before falling to 450 in 2006. Regression and interpolation are used to generate values on a regular grid from the irregular station network, taking into account factors such as latitude and longitude, altitude and terrain shape, coastal influence, and urban land use. This alleviates the impact of station openings and closures on homogeneity, but the impacts of a changing station network cannot be removed entirely, especially in areas of complex topography or sparse station coverage.\r\n\r\nThe methods used to generate the grids are described in more detail in a paper published by Hollis et al. (2019) https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.78 (see linked documentation on this record).\r\n\r\nTo help users combine the observational data sets with the UKCP18 climate projections, the 1km x 1km grid is averaged to grids at resolutions to match those of the climate projections. Each 5 x 5 km, 12 x 12 km, 25 x 25 km or 60 x 60 km grid box value is an average of the all the 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within it. A set of regional values for UK administrative regions, river basins and countries are calculated as the average of all 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within the defined geography." }, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [ 69 ], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [ { "ob_id": 2522, "accessConstraints": null, "accessCategory": "registered", "accessRoles": null, "label": "registered: None group", "licence": { "ob_id": 3, "licenceURL": "http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/", "licenceClassifications": [ { "ob_id": 3, "classification": "any" } ] } } ], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 13164, "uuid": "ce252c81a7bd4717834055e31716b265", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Met Office Hadley Centre - Observations and Climate", "abstract": "The Met Office Hadley Centre is one of the UK's foremost climate change research centres.\r\n\r\nThe Hadley Centre produces world-class guidance on the science of climate change and provide a focus in the UK for the scientific issues associated with climate science.\r\n\r\nLargely co-funded by Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) and Defra (the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), the centre provides in-depth information to, and advise, the Government on climate science issues.\r\n\r\nAs one of the world's leading centres for climate science research, the Hadley Centre scientists make significant contributions to peer-reviewed literature and to a variety of climate science reports, including the Assessment Report of the IPCC. The Hadley Centre climate projections were the basis for the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 26862, "uuid": "4dc8450d889a491ebb20e724debe2dfb", "short_code": "coll", "title": "HadUK-Grid gridded and regional average climate observations for the UK", "abstract": "This Dataset Collection contains a number of different versions of the HadUK-Grid dataset, each of which present a set of gridded climate variables extending from the present back to the 19th Century. The primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of the UK climate and research into climate variability, climate change, impacts and adaptation. The Met Office uses these data for operational monitoring of the UK's climate.\r\n\r\nThe data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid at 1km by 1km resolution to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The 1km data set has been regridded to different resolutions and regional averages to create a collection allowing for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections.\r\n\r\nA new version of HadUK-Grid is released each year. The latest version is v1.3.1.ceda, released in June 2025 and containing data up to the end of 2024. A summary of previous releases can be found below. Provisional data for more recent months can be found on the Met Office web site https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadukgrid/.\r\n\r\nEach version comprises eight Datasets - gridded data at 1, 5, 12, 25 and 60 km resolution, plus three sets of area averages (UK countries, admin regions and river basins).\r\n\r\nThe earliest year of data varies by variable and has changed as more data are digitised. Currently the start years are:\r\n1836 (monthly rainfall)\r\n1884 (monthly max/mean/min air temperature)\r\n1891 (daily rainfall)\r\n1910 (monthly sunshine)\r\n1931 (daily max/min air temperature)\r\n1961 (monthly days of ground frost, relative humidity, mean sea level pressure and vapour pressure)\r\n1969 (monthly mean wind speed)\r\n1971 (monthly days of lying snow)\r\n\r\nThe grids are provided at daily (max/min air temperature and rainfall only), monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods.\r\n\r\nThe latest release has been created by the Met Office funded by the UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT).\r\n\r\nPrevious versions were created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project.\r\n\r\nFor all versions, the data recovery activity to supplement 19th and early 20th Century data availability has also been funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC grant ref: NE/L01016X/1) project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\".\r\n\r\nThe data are provided under Open Government Licence v3 (see each dataset for links to licence and associated citations to use).\r\n\r\nList of dataset versions (latest first) and key differences (each release also extends the dataset by one year):\r\n\r\nv1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024) - Daily temperature extended back to 1931 (from 1960). Historical data recovery has improved daily rainfall over Scotland for 1922-1945.\r\nv1.3.0.ceda (1836-2023) - Historical data recovery has improved daily rainfall over Scotland for 1945-1960.\r\nv1.2.0.ceda (1836-2022) - Monthly sunshine extended back to 1910 (from 1919). Incorporation of Rainfall Rescue v2.\r\nv1.1.0.0 (1836-2021) - Addition of climate averages for 1991-2020. Rainfall Rescue v1 dataset incorporated into the monthly rainfall grids which are extended back to 1836 (from 1862).\r\nv1.0.3.0 (1862-2020)\r\nv1.0.2.1 (1862-2019) - Monthly sunshine extended back to 1919 (from 1929). Historical data recovery has also improved monthly rainfall 1862-1910, daily rainfall 1891-1910 and monthly temperature 1900-1909. Correction to the grid definition for 12 km grid product to match the UKCP18 climate model products.\r\nv1.0.1.0 (1862-2018) - Addition of 5km data.\r\nv1.0.0.0 (1862-2017) - Initial release.\r\n\r\nSee the change log file for each version for further details.\r\n\r\nNote: The introduction of the '.ceda' suffix was done to highlight that CEDA is the source of these data files compared to other potential sources (e.g. the UKCP User Interface https://ukclimateprojections-ui.metoffice.gov.uk/ui/home) The data values are the same - it is the way the data are packaged that may differ between sources.\r\n\r\nEach version following the initial release is accompanied by change log files. These list new files in the version compared with the previous version plus summary totals of the number of files that remained the same, modified and removed. Links to these change logs are available in the 'Details/Docs' section of each dataset. Additionally, a summary change log file is provided which gives an overview of all changes to the data sources and processing methods since the initial release. This summary can be found in the 'Details/Docs' section below or via the individual datasets.\r\n\r\nThis collection supersedes the UKCP09 Dataset Collection and contains all datasets within the major version 1 release (i.e. v1.#.#.#). See Hollis et al. (2019; linked documentation) for details on the version numbering utilised." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219836, 219837, 219839, 219838, 219840, 219841, 219842, 219843, 219845, 219846, 219844, 219847, 219848, 219849, 219850 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 95633, 95634, 95635, 95636, 95637 ] }, { "ob_id": 45986, "uuid": "8c4008c25dfe4158bd8961d3c0ada80f", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 25km grid over the UK, v1.3.2.ceda (1836-2025)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The dataset at 25 km resolution is derived from the associated 1 km x 1 km resolution to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2025, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2025\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57", "latestDataUpdateTime": null, "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "Data provided by the UK Met Office for archiving in the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) archives.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "Met Office, UKCP18, BEIS, Defra, land surface, climate observations, hadobs", "publicationState": "working", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 2305, "bboxName": "HadUK-Grid area", "eastBoundLongitude": 4.59, "westBoundLongitude": -12.61, "southBoundLatitude": 48.83, "northBoundLatitude": 60.57 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 45992, "dataPath": "/badc/ukmo-hadobs/data/insitu/MOHC/HadOBS/HadUK-Grid/v1.3.2.ceda/25km/", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 1030896218, "numberOfFiles": 7270, "fileFormat": "Data are NetCDF formatted" }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13215, "startTime": "1836-01-01T00:00:00", "endTime": "2025-12-31T23:59:59" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 3946, "explanation": "Data quality control details for the HadUK-Grid version 1.0 datasets is available in section 2.2. of Hollis et al. (2019). See linked documentation for further details.", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "HadUK-Grid v1.1 Data Quality Statement", "date": "2022-05-13" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": null, "procedureComputation": { "ob_id": 26870, "uuid": "b1b352825f5548a8bf0639afe335f5ae", "short_code": "comp", "title": "HadUK-Grid gridded climate observations methodology", "abstract": "The gridded data sets are based on the archive of UK weather observations held at the Met Office. The density of the station network used varies through time, and for different climate variables - for example, for the temperature variables the number of stations rises from about 270 in 1910s to 600 in the mid-1990s, before falling to 450 in 2006. Regression and interpolation are used to generate values on a regular grid from the irregular station network, taking into account factors such as latitude and longitude, altitude and terrain shape, coastal influence, and urban land use. This alleviates the impact of station openings and closures on homogeneity, but the impacts of a changing station network cannot be removed entirely, especially in areas of complex topography or sparse station coverage.\r\n\r\nThe methods used to generate the grids are described in more detail in a paper published by Hollis et al. (2019) https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.78 (see linked documentation on this record).\r\n\r\nTo help users combine the observational data sets with the UKCP18 climate projections, the 1km x 1km grid is averaged to grids at resolutions to match those of the climate projections. Each 5 x 5 km, 12 x 12 km, 25 x 25 km or 60 x 60 km grid box value is an average of the all the 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within it. A set of regional values for UK administrative regions, river basins and countries are calculated as the average of all 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within the defined geography." }, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [ 69 ], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [ { "ob_id": 2522, "accessConstraints": null, "accessCategory": "registered", "accessRoles": null, "label": "registered: None group", "licence": { "ob_id": 3, "licenceURL": "http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/", "licenceClassifications": [ { "ob_id": 3, "classification": "any" } ] } } ], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 13164, "uuid": "ce252c81a7bd4717834055e31716b265", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Met Office Hadley Centre - Observations and Climate", "abstract": "The Met Office Hadley Centre is one of the UK's foremost climate change research centres.\r\n\r\nThe Hadley Centre produces world-class guidance on the science of climate change and provide a focus in the UK for the scientific issues associated with climate science.\r\n\r\nLargely co-funded by Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) and Defra (the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), the centre provides in-depth information to, and advise, the Government on climate science issues.\r\n\r\nAs one of the world's leading centres for climate science research, the Hadley Centre scientists make significant contributions to peer-reviewed literature and to a variety of climate science reports, including the Assessment Report of the IPCC. The Hadley Centre climate projections were the basis for the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 26862, "uuid": "4dc8450d889a491ebb20e724debe2dfb", "short_code": "coll", "title": "HadUK-Grid gridded and regional average climate observations for the UK", "abstract": "This Dataset Collection contains a number of different versions of the HadUK-Grid dataset, each of which present a set of gridded climate variables extending from the present back to the 19th Century. The primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of the UK climate and research into climate variability, climate change, impacts and adaptation. The Met Office uses these data for operational monitoring of the UK's climate.\r\n\r\nThe data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid at 1km by 1km resolution to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The 1km data set has been regridded to different resolutions and regional averages to create a collection allowing for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections.\r\n\r\nA new version of HadUK-Grid is released each year. The latest version is v1.3.1.ceda, released in June 2025 and containing data up to the end of 2024. A summary of previous releases can be found below. Provisional data for more recent months can be found on the Met Office web site https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadukgrid/.\r\n\r\nEach version comprises eight Datasets - gridded data at 1, 5, 12, 25 and 60 km resolution, plus three sets of area averages (UK countries, admin regions and river basins).\r\n\r\nThe earliest year of data varies by variable and has changed as more data are digitised. Currently the start years are:\r\n1836 (monthly rainfall)\r\n1884 (monthly max/mean/min air temperature)\r\n1891 (daily rainfall)\r\n1910 (monthly sunshine)\r\n1931 (daily max/min air temperature)\r\n1961 (monthly days of ground frost, relative humidity, mean sea level pressure and vapour pressure)\r\n1969 (monthly mean wind speed)\r\n1971 (monthly days of lying snow)\r\n\r\nThe grids are provided at daily (max/min air temperature and rainfall only), monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods.\r\n\r\nThe latest release has been created by the Met Office funded by the UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT).\r\n\r\nPrevious versions were created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project.\r\n\r\nFor all versions, the data recovery activity to supplement 19th and early 20th Century data availability has also been funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC grant ref: NE/L01016X/1) project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\".\r\n\r\nThe data are provided under Open Government Licence v3 (see each dataset for links to licence and associated citations to use).\r\n\r\nList of dataset versions (latest first) and key differences (each release also extends the dataset by one year):\r\n\r\nv1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024) - Daily temperature extended back to 1931 (from 1960). Historical data recovery has improved daily rainfall over Scotland for 1922-1945.\r\nv1.3.0.ceda (1836-2023) - Historical data recovery has improved daily rainfall over Scotland for 1945-1960.\r\nv1.2.0.ceda (1836-2022) - Monthly sunshine extended back to 1910 (from 1919). Incorporation of Rainfall Rescue v2.\r\nv1.1.0.0 (1836-2021) - Addition of climate averages for 1991-2020. Rainfall Rescue v1 dataset incorporated into the monthly rainfall grids which are extended back to 1836 (from 1862).\r\nv1.0.3.0 (1862-2020)\r\nv1.0.2.1 (1862-2019) - Monthly sunshine extended back to 1919 (from 1929). Historical data recovery has also improved monthly rainfall 1862-1910, daily rainfall 1891-1910 and monthly temperature 1900-1909. Correction to the grid definition for 12 km grid product to match the UKCP18 climate model products.\r\nv1.0.1.0 (1862-2018) - Addition of 5km data.\r\nv1.0.0.0 (1862-2017) - Initial release.\r\n\r\nSee the change log file for each version for further details.\r\n\r\nNote: The introduction of the '.ceda' suffix was done to highlight that CEDA is the source of these data files compared to other potential sources (e.g. the UKCP User Interface https://ukclimateprojections-ui.metoffice.gov.uk/ui/home) The data values are the same - it is the way the data are packaged that may differ between sources.\r\n\r\nEach version following the initial release is accompanied by change log files. These list new files in the version compared with the previous version plus summary totals of the number of files that remained the same, modified and removed. Links to these change logs are available in the 'Details/Docs' section of each dataset. Additionally, a summary change log file is provided which gives an overview of all changes to the data sources and processing methods since the initial release. This summary can be found in the 'Details/Docs' section below or via the individual datasets.\r\n\r\nThis collection supersedes the UKCP09 Dataset Collection and contains all datasets within the major version 1 release (i.e. v1.#.#.#). See Hollis et al. (2019; linked documentation) for details on the version numbering utilised." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219851, 219852, 219853, 219854, 219855, 219856, 219857, 219858, 219861, 219860, 219859, 219862, 219863, 219864, 219865 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 95638, 95639, 95642, 95640, 95641 ] }, { "ob_id": 45987, "uuid": "a7947ae607fd4be8994b940eebca8872", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 5km grid over the UK, v1.3.2.ceda (1836-2025)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The dataset at 5 km resolution is derived from the associated 1 km x 1 km resolution to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2025, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2025\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57", "latestDataUpdateTime": null, "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "Data provided by the UK Met Office for archiving in the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) archives.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "Met Office, UKCP18, BEIS, Defra, land surface, climate observations, hadobs", "publicationState": "working", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 2305, "bboxName": "HadUK-Grid area", "eastBoundLongitude": 4.59, "westBoundLongitude": -12.61, "southBoundLatitude": 48.83, "northBoundLatitude": 60.57 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 45989, "dataPath": "/badc/ukmo-hadobs/data/insitu/MOHC/HadOBS/HadUK-Grid/v1.3.2.ceda/5km/", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 17188021410, "numberOfFiles": 7270, "fileFormat": "Data are NetCDF formatted" }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13213, "startTime": "1836-01-01T00:00:00", "endTime": "2025-12-31T23:59:59" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 3946, "explanation": "Data quality control details for the HadUK-Grid version 1.0 datasets is available in section 2.2. of Hollis et al. (2019). See linked documentation for further details.", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "HadUK-Grid v1.1 Data Quality Statement", "date": "2022-05-13" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": null, "procedureComputation": { "ob_id": 26870, "uuid": "b1b352825f5548a8bf0639afe335f5ae", "short_code": "comp", "title": "HadUK-Grid gridded climate observations methodology", "abstract": "The gridded data sets are based on the archive of UK weather observations held at the Met Office. The density of the station network used varies through time, and for different climate variables - for example, for the temperature variables the number of stations rises from about 270 in 1910s to 600 in the mid-1990s, before falling to 450 in 2006. Regression and interpolation are used to generate values on a regular grid from the irregular station network, taking into account factors such as latitude and longitude, altitude and terrain shape, coastal influence, and urban land use. This alleviates the impact of station openings and closures on homogeneity, but the impacts of a changing station network cannot be removed entirely, especially in areas of complex topography or sparse station coverage.\r\n\r\nThe methods used to generate the grids are described in more detail in a paper published by Hollis et al. (2019) https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.78 (see linked documentation on this record).\r\n\r\nTo help users combine the observational data sets with the UKCP18 climate projections, the 1km x 1km grid is averaged to grids at resolutions to match those of the climate projections. Each 5 x 5 km, 12 x 12 km, 25 x 25 km or 60 x 60 km grid box value is an average of the all the 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within it. A set of regional values for UK administrative regions, river basins and countries are calculated as the average of all 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within the defined geography." }, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [ 69 ], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [ { "ob_id": 2522, "accessConstraints": null, "accessCategory": "registered", "accessRoles": null, "label": "registered: None group", "licence": { "ob_id": 3, "licenceURL": "http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/", "licenceClassifications": [ { "ob_id": 3, "classification": "any" } ] } } ], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 13164, "uuid": "ce252c81a7bd4717834055e31716b265", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Met Office Hadley Centre - Observations and Climate", "abstract": "The Met Office Hadley Centre is one of the UK's foremost climate change research centres.\r\n\r\nThe Hadley Centre produces world-class guidance on the science of climate change and provide a focus in the UK for the scientific issues associated with climate science.\r\n\r\nLargely co-funded by Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) and Defra (the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), the centre provides in-depth information to, and advise, the Government on climate science issues.\r\n\r\nAs one of the world's leading centres for climate science research, the Hadley Centre scientists make significant contributions to peer-reviewed literature and to a variety of climate science reports, including the Assessment Report of the IPCC. The Hadley Centre climate projections were the basis for the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 26862, "uuid": "4dc8450d889a491ebb20e724debe2dfb", "short_code": "coll", "title": "HadUK-Grid gridded and regional average climate observations for the UK", "abstract": "This Dataset Collection contains a number of different versions of the HadUK-Grid dataset, each of which present a set of gridded climate variables extending from the present back to the 19th Century. The primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of the UK climate and research into climate variability, climate change, impacts and adaptation. The Met Office uses these data for operational monitoring of the UK's climate.\r\n\r\nThe data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid at 1km by 1km resolution to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The 1km data set has been regridded to different resolutions and regional averages to create a collection allowing for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections.\r\n\r\nA new version of HadUK-Grid is released each year. The latest version is v1.3.1.ceda, released in June 2025 and containing data up to the end of 2024. A summary of previous releases can be found below. Provisional data for more recent months can be found on the Met Office web site https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadukgrid/.\r\n\r\nEach version comprises eight Datasets - gridded data at 1, 5, 12, 25 and 60 km resolution, plus three sets of area averages (UK countries, admin regions and river basins).\r\n\r\nThe earliest year of data varies by variable and has changed as more data are digitised. Currently the start years are:\r\n1836 (monthly rainfall)\r\n1884 (monthly max/mean/min air temperature)\r\n1891 (daily rainfall)\r\n1910 (monthly sunshine)\r\n1931 (daily max/min air temperature)\r\n1961 (monthly days of ground frost, relative humidity, mean sea level pressure and vapour pressure)\r\n1969 (monthly mean wind speed)\r\n1971 (monthly days of lying snow)\r\n\r\nThe grids are provided at daily (max/min air temperature and rainfall only), monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods.\r\n\r\nThe latest release has been created by the Met Office funded by the UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT).\r\n\r\nPrevious versions were created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project.\r\n\r\nFor all versions, the data recovery activity to supplement 19th and early 20th Century data availability has also been funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC grant ref: NE/L01016X/1) project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\".\r\n\r\nThe data are provided under Open Government Licence v3 (see each dataset for links to licence and associated citations to use).\r\n\r\nList of dataset versions (latest first) and key differences (each release also extends the dataset by one year):\r\n\r\nv1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024) - Daily temperature extended back to 1931 (from 1960). Historical data recovery has improved daily rainfall over Scotland for 1922-1945.\r\nv1.3.0.ceda (1836-2023) - Historical data recovery has improved daily rainfall over Scotland for 1945-1960.\r\nv1.2.0.ceda (1836-2022) - Monthly sunshine extended back to 1910 (from 1919). Incorporation of Rainfall Rescue v2.\r\nv1.1.0.0 (1836-2021) - Addition of climate averages for 1991-2020. Rainfall Rescue v1 dataset incorporated into the monthly rainfall grids which are extended back to 1836 (from 1862).\r\nv1.0.3.0 (1862-2020)\r\nv1.0.2.1 (1862-2019) - Monthly sunshine extended back to 1919 (from 1929). Historical data recovery has also improved monthly rainfall 1862-1910, daily rainfall 1891-1910 and monthly temperature 1900-1909. Correction to the grid definition for 12 km grid product to match the UKCP18 climate model products.\r\nv1.0.1.0 (1862-2018) - Addition of 5km data.\r\nv1.0.0.0 (1862-2017) - Initial release.\r\n\r\nSee the change log file for each version for further details.\r\n\r\nNote: The introduction of the '.ceda' suffix was done to highlight that CEDA is the source of these data files compared to other potential sources (e.g. the UKCP User Interface https://ukclimateprojections-ui.metoffice.gov.uk/ui/home) The data values are the same - it is the way the data are packaged that may differ between sources.\r\n\r\nEach version following the initial release is accompanied by change log files. These list new files in the version compared with the previous version plus summary totals of the number of files that remained the same, modified and removed. Links to these change logs are available in the 'Details/Docs' section of each dataset. Additionally, a summary change log file is provided which gives an overview of all changes to the data sources and processing methods since the initial release. This summary can be found in the 'Details/Docs' section below or via the individual datasets.\r\n\r\nThis collection supersedes the UKCP09 Dataset Collection and contains all datasets within the major version 1 release (i.e. v1.#.#.#). See Hollis et al. (2019; linked documentation) for details on the version numbering utilised." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219866, 219867, 219868, 219869, 219870, 219871, 219872, 219873, 219876, 219875, 219874, 219877, 219878, 219879, 219880 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 95643, 95644, 95645, 95646, 95647 ] }, { "ob_id": 45988, "uuid": "a613225bcdcb4fe495d9f630f8e86622", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 60km grid over the UK, v1.3.2.ceda (1836-2025)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The dataset at 60 km resolution is derived from the associated 1 km x 1 km resolution to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2025, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2025\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57", "latestDataUpdateTime": null, "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "Data provided by the UK Met Office for archiving in the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) archives.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "Met Office, UKCP18, BEIS, Defra, land surface, climate observations, hadobs", "publicationState": "working", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "pending", "dataPublishedTime": null, "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 2305, "bboxName": "HadUK-Grid area", "eastBoundLongitude": 4.59, "westBoundLongitude": -12.61, "southBoundLatitude": 48.83, "northBoundLatitude": 60.57 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 45990, "dataPath": "/badc/ukmo-hadobs/data/insitu/MOHC/HadOBS/HadUK-Grid/v1.3.2.ceda/60km/", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 383017925, "numberOfFiles": 7270, "fileFormat": "Data are NetCDF formatted" }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 13216, "startTime": "1836-01-01T00:00:00", "endTime": "2025-12-31T23:59:59" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 3946, "explanation": "Data quality control details for the HadUK-Grid version 1.0 datasets is available in section 2.2. of Hollis et al. (2019). See linked documentation for further details.", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "HadUK-Grid v1.1 Data Quality Statement", "date": "2022-05-13" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": null, "procedureComputation": { "ob_id": 26870, "uuid": "b1b352825f5548a8bf0639afe335f5ae", "short_code": "comp", "title": "HadUK-Grid gridded climate observations methodology", "abstract": "The gridded data sets are based on the archive of UK weather observations held at the Met Office. The density of the station network used varies through time, and for different climate variables - for example, for the temperature variables the number of stations rises from about 270 in 1910s to 600 in the mid-1990s, before falling to 450 in 2006. Regression and interpolation are used to generate values on a regular grid from the irregular station network, taking into account factors such as latitude and longitude, altitude and terrain shape, coastal influence, and urban land use. This alleviates the impact of station openings and closures on homogeneity, but the impacts of a changing station network cannot be removed entirely, especially in areas of complex topography or sparse station coverage.\r\n\r\nThe methods used to generate the grids are described in more detail in a paper published by Hollis et al. (2019) https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.78 (see linked documentation on this record).\r\n\r\nTo help users combine the observational data sets with the UKCP18 climate projections, the 1km x 1km grid is averaged to grids at resolutions to match those of the climate projections. Each 5 x 5 km, 12 x 12 km, 25 x 25 km or 60 x 60 km grid box value is an average of the all the 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within it. A set of regional values for UK administrative regions, river basins and countries are calculated as the average of all 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within the defined geography." }, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [ 69 ], "discoveryKeywords": [], "permissions": [ { "ob_id": 2522, "accessConstraints": null, "accessCategory": "registered", "accessRoles": null, "label": "registered: None group", "licence": { "ob_id": 3, "licenceURL": "http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/", "licenceClassifications": [ { "ob_id": 3, "classification": "any" } ] } } ], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 13164, "uuid": "ce252c81a7bd4717834055e31716b265", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Met Office Hadley Centre - Observations and Climate", "abstract": "The Met Office Hadley Centre is one of the UK's foremost climate change research centres.\r\n\r\nThe Hadley Centre produces world-class guidance on the science of climate change and provide a focus in the UK for the scientific issues associated with climate science.\r\n\r\nLargely co-funded by Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) and Defra (the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), the centre provides in-depth information to, and advise, the Government on climate science issues.\r\n\r\nAs one of the world's leading centres for climate science research, the Hadley Centre scientists make significant contributions to peer-reviewed literature and to a variety of climate science reports, including the Assessment Report of the IPCC. The Hadley Centre climate projections were the basis for the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 26862, "uuid": "4dc8450d889a491ebb20e724debe2dfb", "short_code": "coll", "title": "HadUK-Grid gridded and regional average climate observations for the UK", "abstract": "This Dataset Collection contains a number of different versions of the HadUK-Grid dataset, each of which present a set of gridded climate variables extending from the present back to the 19th Century. The primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of the UK climate and research into climate variability, climate change, impacts and adaptation. The Met Office uses these data for operational monitoring of the UK's climate.\r\n\r\nThe data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid at 1km by 1km resolution to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The 1km data set has been regridded to different resolutions and regional averages to create a collection allowing for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections.\r\n\r\nA new version of HadUK-Grid is released each year. The latest version is v1.3.1.ceda, released in June 2025 and containing data up to the end of 2024. A summary of previous releases can be found below. Provisional data for more recent months can be found on the Met Office web site https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadukgrid/.\r\n\r\nEach version comprises eight Datasets - gridded data at 1, 5, 12, 25 and 60 km resolution, plus three sets of area averages (UK countries, admin regions and river basins).\r\n\r\nThe earliest year of data varies by variable and has changed as more data are digitised. Currently the start years are:\r\n1836 (monthly rainfall)\r\n1884 (monthly max/mean/min air temperature)\r\n1891 (daily rainfall)\r\n1910 (monthly sunshine)\r\n1931 (daily max/min air temperature)\r\n1961 (monthly days of ground frost, relative humidity, mean sea level pressure and vapour pressure)\r\n1969 (monthly mean wind speed)\r\n1971 (monthly days of lying snow)\r\n\r\nThe grids are provided at daily (max/min air temperature and rainfall only), monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods.\r\n\r\nThe latest release has been created by the Met Office funded by the UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT).\r\n\r\nPrevious versions were created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project.\r\n\r\nFor all versions, the data recovery activity to supplement 19th and early 20th Century data availability has also been funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC grant ref: NE/L01016X/1) project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\".\r\n\r\nThe data are provided under Open Government Licence v3 (see each dataset for links to licence and associated citations to use).\r\n\r\nList of dataset versions (latest first) and key differences (each release also extends the dataset by one year):\r\n\r\nv1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024) - Daily temperature extended back to 1931 (from 1960). Historical data recovery has improved daily rainfall over Scotland for 1922-1945.\r\nv1.3.0.ceda (1836-2023) - Historical data recovery has improved daily rainfall over Scotland for 1945-1960.\r\nv1.2.0.ceda (1836-2022) - Monthly sunshine extended back to 1910 (from 1919). Incorporation of Rainfall Rescue v2.\r\nv1.1.0.0 (1836-2021) - Addition of climate averages for 1991-2020. Rainfall Rescue v1 dataset incorporated into the monthly rainfall grids which are extended back to 1836 (from 1862).\r\nv1.0.3.0 (1862-2020)\r\nv1.0.2.1 (1862-2019) - Monthly sunshine extended back to 1919 (from 1929). Historical data recovery has also improved monthly rainfall 1862-1910, daily rainfall 1891-1910 and monthly temperature 1900-1909. Correction to the grid definition for 12 km grid product to match the UKCP18 climate model products.\r\nv1.0.1.0 (1862-2018) - Addition of 5km data.\r\nv1.0.0.0 (1862-2017) - Initial release.\r\n\r\nSee the change log file for each version for further details.\r\n\r\nNote: The introduction of the '.ceda' suffix was done to highlight that CEDA is the source of these data files compared to other potential sources (e.g. the UKCP User Interface https://ukclimateprojections-ui.metoffice.gov.uk/ui/home) The data values are the same - it is the way the data are packaged that may differ between sources.\r\n\r\nEach version following the initial release is accompanied by change log files. These list new files in the version compared with the previous version plus summary totals of the number of files that remained the same, modified and removed. Links to these change logs are available in the 'Details/Docs' section of each dataset. Additionally, a summary change log file is provided which gives an overview of all changes to the data sources and processing methods since the initial release. This summary can be found in the 'Details/Docs' section below or via the individual datasets.\r\n\r\nThis collection supersedes the UKCP09 Dataset Collection and contains all datasets within the major version 1 release (i.e. v1.#.#.#). See Hollis et al. (2019; linked documentation) for details on the version numbering utilised." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 219881, 219882, 219883, 219884, 219885, 219886, 219887, 219888, 219890, 219889, 219891, 219892, 219893, 219894 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 95648, 95649, 95650, 95651, 95652 ] } ] }