Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (model: Optima 8000; PerkinElmer) is located in University of Birmingham WG1 laboratory.

ICP-OES is a trace-level, elemental analysis technique that uses the emission spectra of a sample to identify, and quantify the elements present. Samples are introduced into the plasma in a process that desolvates, ionises, and excites them.