This dataset comprises monthly mean data from a global, transient simulation with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model eXtension (WACCM-X) from 2015 to 2070. WACCM-X is a global atmosphere model covering altitudes from the surface up to ~500 km, i.e., including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere. WACCM-X version 2.0 (Liu et al., 2018) was used, part of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) release 2.1.0 (http://www.cesm.ucar.edu/models/cesm2) made available by the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The model was run in free-running mode with a horizontal resolution of 1.9 degrees latitude and 2.5 degrees longitude (giving 96 latitude points and 144 longitude points) and 126 vertical levels. Further description of the model and simulation setup is provided by Cnossen (2022) and references therein. A large number of variables is included on standard monthly mean output files on the model grid, while selected variables are also offered interpolated to a constant height grid or vertically integrated in height (details below). Zonal mean and global mean output files are included as well.

The data are provided in NetCDF format and file names have the following structure:

f.e210.FXHIST.f19_f19.h1a.cam.h0.[YYYY]-[MM][DFT].nc

where [YYYY] gives the year with 4 digits, [MM] gives the month (2 digits) and [DFT] specifies the data file type. The following data file types are included:

1) Monthly mean output on the full grid for the full set of variables; [DFT] =
2) Zonal mean monthly mean output for the full set of variables; [DFT] = _zm
3) Global mean monthly mean output for the full set of variables; [DFT] = _gm
4) Height-interpolated/-integrated output on the full grid for selected variables; [DFT] = _ht

A cos(latitude) weighting was used when calculating the global means.

Data were interpolated to a set of constant heights (61 levels in total) using the Z3GM variable (for variables output on midpoints, with 'lev' as the vertical coordinate) or the Z3GMI variable (for variables output on interfaces, with ilev as the vertical coordinate) stored on the original output files (type 1 above). Interpolation was done separately for each longitude, latitude and time.

Mass density (DEN [g/cm3]) was calculated from the M_dens, N2_vmr, O2, and O variables on the original data files before interpolation to constant height levels.

The Joule heating power QJ [W/m3] was calculated using
Q_J = (sigma_P*B^2)*((u_i - U_n)^2 + (v_i-v_n)^2 + (w_i-w_n)^2)
with sigma_P = Pedersen conductivity[S], B = geomagnetic field strength [T], ui, vi, and wi = zonal, meridional, and vertical ion velocities [m/s] and un, vn, and wn = neutral wind velocities [m/s]. QJ was integrated vertically in height (using a 2.5 km height grid spacing rather than the 61 levels on output file type 4) to give the JHH variable on the type 4 data files. The QJOULE variable also given is the Joule heating rate [K/s] at each of the 61 height levels.

All data are provided as monthly mean files with one time record per file, giving 672 files for each data file type for the period 2015-2070 (56 years).

References:

Cnossen, I. (2022), A realistic projection of climate change in the upper atmosphere into the 21st century, in preparation.

Liu, H.-L., C.G. Bardeen, B.T. Foster, et al. (2018), Development and validation of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension (WACCM-X 2.0), Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 10(2), 381-402, doi:10.1002/2017ms001232.