Dataset
HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.2.0.ceda (1836-2022)
Abstract
HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2022, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.
The gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.
This data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2018, see linked documentation).
The changes for v1.2.0.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:
* Added data for calendar year 2022
* Added newly digitised data for monthly sunshine 1910-1918
* Added Rainfall Rescue version 2 doi:10.5281/zenodo.7554242
* Updated shapefiles used for production of area average statistics https://github.com/ukcp-data/ukcp-spatial-files
* Updated controlled vocabulary for metadata assignment https://github.com/ukcp-data/UKCP18_CVs
* Updated assignment of timepoint for some periods so that the datetime is the middle of the period (e.g. season) rather than a fixed offset from the period start.
* Updated ordering of regions within regional values files. Alphabetical ordering.
* Files use netcdf level 4 compression using gzip https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/blogs/developer/entry/netcdf_compression
* Net changes to the input station data used to generate this dataset:
- Total of 125601744 observations
- 122621050 (97.6%) unchanged
- 26700 (0.02%) modified for this version
- 2953994 (2.35%) added in this version
- 16315 (0.01%) deleted from this version
* Changes to monthly rainfall 1836-1960
- Total of 4823973 observations
- 3315657 (68.7%) unchanged
- 21029 (0.4%) modified for this version
- 1487287 (30.8%) added in this version
- 11155 (0.2%) deleted from this version
The primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project "Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence.
Details
| Previous Info: |
No news update for this record
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| Previously used record identifiers: |
No related previous identifiers.
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| Access rules: |
Access to these data is available to any registered CEDA user. Please Login or Register for a CEDA account to gain access.
Use of these data is covered by the following licence(s): http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/ When using these data you must cite them correctly using the citation given on the CEDA Data Catalogue record. |
| Data lineage: |
Data provided by the UK Met Office for archiving in the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) archives. |
| Data Quality: |
Data quality control details for the HadUK-Grid version 1.0 datasets is available in section 2.2. of Hollis et al. (2019). See linked documentation for further details.
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| File Format: |
Data are NetCDF formatted.
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Related Documents
Citations: 1
The following citations have been automatically harvested from external sources associated with this resource where DOI tracking is possible. As such some citations may be missing from this list whilst others may not be accurate. Please contact the helpdesk to raise any issues to help refine these citation trackings.
| Callaghan, D.A. (2024) The microclimate occupied by the hyperoceanic liverwort Leptoscyphus cuneifolius (Hook.) Mitt. within a temperate rain forest in Wales. Journal of Bryology 46, 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/03736687.2024.2350835 https://doi.org/10.1080/03736687.2024.2350835 |
Process overview
| Title | HadUK-Grid gridded climate observations methodology |
| Abstract | The gridded data sets are based on the archive of UK weather observations held at the Met Office. The density of the station network used varies through time, and for different climate variables - for example, for the temperature variables the number of stations rises from about 270 in 1910s to 600 in the mid-1990s, before falling to 450 in 2006. Regression and interpolation are used to generate values on a regular grid from the irregular station network, taking into account factors such as latitude and longitude, altitude and terrain shape, coastal influence, and urban land use. This alleviates the impact of station openings and closures on homogeneity, but the impacts of a changing station network cannot be removed entirely, especially in areas of complex topography or sparse station coverage. The methods used to generate the grids are described in more detail in a paper published by Hollis et al. (2019) https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.78 (see linked documentation on this record). To help users combine the observational data sets with the UKCP18 climate projections, the 1km x 1km grid is averaged to grids at resolutions to match those of the climate projections. Each 5 x 5 km, 12 x 12 km, 25 x 25 km or 60 x 60 km grid box value is an average of the all the 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within it. A set of regional values for UK administrative regions, river basins and countries are calculated as the average of all 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within the defined geography. |
| Input Description | None |
| Output Description | None |
| Software Reference | None |
- units: 1.0
- var_id: groundfrost
- standard_name: number_of_days_with_surface_temperature_below_threshold
- long_name: Ground frost
- standard_name: air_temperature
- units: degC
- var_id: tasmax
- long_name: Maximum air temperature
- standard_name: duration_of_sunshine
- units: hour
- long_name: Sunshine hours
- var_id: sun
- units: mm
- var_id: rainfall
- standard_name: lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount
- long_name: Total rainfall
- standard_name: area_type
- var_id: area_type
- long_name: clim_season
- var_id: clim_season
- units: 1
- long_name: month_number
- var_id: month_number
- units: m
- standard_name: projection_x_coordinate
- var_id: projection_x_coordinate
- var_id: projection_x_coordinate_bnds
- units: m
- standard_name: projection_y_coordinate
- var_id: projection_y_coordinate
- var_id: projection_y_coordinate_bnds
- units: 1
- long_name: season_year
- var_id: season_year
- units: degC
- standard_name: surface_temperature
- var_id: surface_temperature
- var_id: time_bnds
- var_id: transverse_mercator
Co-ordinate Variables
- units: degrees_north
- standard_name: latitude
- var_id: latitude
- units: degrees_east
- standard_name: longitude
- var_id: longitude
- standard_name: time
- var_id: time
- units: hours
Temporal Range
1836-01-01T00:00:00
2022-12-31T23:59:59
Geographic Extent
60.5700° |
||
-12.6100° |
4.5900° |
|
48.8300° |