This Theme of the National Centre for Earth Observation aims to exploit EO to improve national capability for climate prediction over timescales from months to decades.

Its priorities are to:
- Compare how computer models represent water vapour, clouds and the Earth's radiation budget with satellite data
- Combine ocean-surface data from space with data taken from instruments on-board ships and subsurface ocean monitoring networks to understand changes in ocean circulation and ocean warming
- Improve how climate models represent cryosphere interactions with the oceans and atmosphere
- Improve how climate models represent the land surface, including life processes, and the resulting heat, water and gas exchanges with the atmosphere