This dataset contains model data for CCMI-2022 experiment senD2-fix produced by the MIROC-ES2H model which is based on a global climate model MIROC (Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate). This has been cooperatively developed by JAMSTEC (Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan), AORI (Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8564, Japan), NIES (National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan), and R-CCS (RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan).

It used a baseline (SSP2-45) with a modified specified stratospheric aerosol distribution using a repeated annual cycle of the WACCM-calculated Surface Area Density (SAD) for 2025 (the WACCM background before stratospheric aerosol injection was initiated) and with specified SSTs/sea-ice as in senD2-sai.

The senD2-sai simulation is based on the refD2 experiment but with a modified specified stratospheric aerosol distribution reflecting increased stratospheric aerosol amounts from stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI). Sea ice and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are specified to follow a repeating annual cycle taken from those used by the same model for their refD2 experiment over 2020 - 2030, the period when SAI is assumed to have been initiated.

The refD2 experiment is the baseline projection for updated projections of ozone recovery. Specified forcings largely following the same specifications as for the SSP2-4.5 scenario of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), with the exception of the near-surface mixing ratio of Ozone Depleting Substances which follow the baseline projection from WMO (2018).

SSP2-4.5 is a Shared Socio-economic Pathway scenario that follows socio-economic storyline SSP2 with intermediate mitigation and adaptation challenges and climate forcing pathway RCP4.5 which leads to a radiative forcing of 4.5 Wm-2 by the year 2100.

WMO-2018 refers to the Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018.

The CCMI-2022 Chemistry-climate model initiative is a set of model experiments focused on the stratosphere, with the goals of providing updated projections towards the future evolution of the ozone layer and improving our understanding of chemistry-climate interactions from models.

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Sources of additional information
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The following web links are provided in the Details/Docs section of this catalogue record:
- Review of the global models used within phase 1 of the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI)
- A new set of Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) Community Simulations to Update the Assessment of Models and Support Upcoming Ozone Assessment Activities, David Plummer and Tatsuya Nagashima and Simone Tilmes and Alex Archibald and Gabriel Chiodo and Suvarna Fadnavis and Hella Garny and Beatrice Josse and Joowan Kim and Jean-Francois Lamarque and Olaf Morgenstern and Lee Murray and Clara Orbe and Amos Tai and Martyn Chipperfield and Bernd Funke and Martin Juckes and Doug Kinnison and Markus Kunze and Beiping Luo and Katja Matthes and Paul A. Newman and Charlotte Pascoe and Thomas Peter (2021), SPARC Newsletter, volume 57, pp 22-30