Data for Figure TS.9 from the Technical Summary of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).

Figure TS.9 shows changes in well-mixed greenhouse gas (WMGHG) concentrations and effective radiative forcing (EFR).

---------------------------------------------------
How to cite this dataset
---------------------------------------------------
When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:
Arias, P.A., N. Bellouin, E. Coppola, R.G. Jones, G. Krinner, J. Marotzke, V. Naik, M.D. Palmer, G.-K. Plattner, J. Rogelj, M. Rojas, J. Sillmann, T. Storelvmo, P.W. Thorne, B. Trewin, K. Achuta Rao, B. Adhikary, R.P. Allan, K. Armour, G. Bala, R. Barimalala, S. Berger, J.G. Canadell, C. Cassou, A. Cherchi, W. Collins, W.D. Collins, S.L. Connors, S. Corti, F. Cruz, F.J. Dentener, C. Dereczynski, A. Di Luca, A. Diongue Niang, F.J. Doblas-Reyes, A. Dosio, H. Douville, F. Engelbrecht, V. Eyring, E. Fischer, P. Forster, B. Fox-Kemper, J.S. Fuglestvedt, J.C. Fyfe, N.P. Gillett, L. Goldfarb, I. Gorodetskaya, J.M. Gutierrez, R. Hamdi, E. Hawkins, H.T. Hewitt, P. Hope, A.S. Islam, C. Jones, D.S. Kaufman, R.E. Kopp, Y. Kosaka, J. Kossin, S. Krakovska, J.-Y. Lee, J. Li, T. Mauritsen, T.K. Maycock, M. Meinshausen, S.-K. Min, P.M.S. Monteiro, T. Ngo-Duc, F. Otto, I. Pinto, A. Pirani, K. Raghavan, R. Ranasinghe, A.C. Ruane, L. Ruiz, J.-B. Sallée, B.H. Samset, S. Sathyendranath, S.I. Seneviratne, A.A. Sörensson, S. Szopa, I. Takayabu, A.-M. Tréguier, B. van den Hurk, R. Vautard, K. von Schuckmann, S. Zaehle, X. Zhang, and K. Zickfeld, 2021: Technical Summary. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 33−144, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.002.

Please also include citations of the related publications for Figure 2.4b provided at the end of this abstract.

---------------------------------------------------
Figure subpanels
---------------------------------------------------
The figure has four panels, with data provided for panels b and c. Links to the code which contains the data for other panels are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record.

---------------------------------------------------
List of data provided
---------------------------------------------------
- Panel TS.9a => Figure 2.3 c
- Panel TS.9b => Figure 2.4 b
- Panel TS.9c => Figure 2.5 a,b,c
- Panel TS.9d => Figure 2.10

---------------------------------------------------
Data provided in relation to figure
---------------------------------------------------
- Panel TS.9b => Figure 2.4 b
- Panel TS.9c => Figure 2.5 a,b,c

---------------------------------------------------
Temporal Range of Paleoclimate Data
---------------------------------------------------
This dataset covers a paleoclimate timespan from 450 Ma to 2020.
Ma refers to millions of years before present.

---------------------------------------------------
Notes on reproducing the figure from the provided data
---------------------------------------------------
Data for figures 2.3 c and 2.10 are contained within the code to generate the figures which is linked in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record and data for Figure 2.5 and 2.4 panel b are provided. The corresponding catalogue records for Figure 2.5 and 2.4 are linked in the Related Records section below.

---------------------------------------------------
Sources of additional information
---------------------------------------------------
The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:
- Link to the figure on the IPCC AR6 website
- Link to the report component containing the figure (Technical Summary)
- Link to the report component of the underlying chapter figures from which this figure was generated (Chapter 2)
- Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 2, which contains details on the input data used in Table 2.SM.1
- Links to catalogue records of relevant figures the data is taken from in the Related Records section of this catalogue record
- Link to code which contains data for figure 2.3 and 2.10

---------------------------------------------------
Related publications for figure 2.4 panel b datasets
---------------------------------------------------
Please include the following citations of related publications from which the figure 2.4 panel b datasets originate. Relations to individual datasets are listed at the top of each dataset. Links are provided in the Related Documents section of the figure 2.4 catalogue record which is linked to this record.

Ahn, J., Brook, E. J., Mitchell, L., Rosen, J. McConnell, J. R., Taylor, K., Etheridge, D., and Rubino, M. (2012b). Atmospheric CO2 over the last 1000 years: A high-resolution record from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 26, GB2027 , doi:10.1029/2011GB004247.

Bauska, T. K., Joos, F., Mix, A. C., Roth, R., Ahn, J., & Brook, E. J. (2015). Links between atmospheric carbon dioxide, the land carbon reservoir and climate over the past millennium. Nature Geoscience. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2422

Rubino, M., Etheridge, D. M., Thornton, D. P., Howden, R., Allison, C. E., Francey, R. J., Langenfelds, R. L., Steele, L. P., Trudinger, C. M., Spencer, D. A., Curran, M. A. J., van Ommen, T. D., & Smith, A. M. (2019). Revised records of atmospheric trace gases CO2, CH4, N2O, and d13C-CO2 over the last 2000 years from Law Dome, Antarctica. Earth System Science Data, 11(2), 473–492. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-473-2019

SIEGENTHALER, U. R. S., MONNIN, E., KAWAMURA, K., SPAHNI, R., SCHWANDER, J., STAUFFER, B., STOCKER, T. F., BARNOLA, J.-M., & FISCHER, H. (2005). Supporting evidence from the EPICA Dronning Maud Land ice core for atmospheric CO2 changes during the past millennium. Tellus B, 57(1), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2005.00131.x

Mitchell, L., Brook, E., Lee, J. E., Buizert, C., & Sowers, T. (2013). Constraints on the late Holocene anthropogenic contribution to the atmospheric methane budget. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1238920

Flückiger, J., Dällenbach, A., Blunier, T., Stauffer, B., Stocker, T. F., Raynaud, D., & Barnola, J. M. (1999). Variations in atmospheric N2O concentration during abrupt climatic changes. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.285.5425.227

Machida, T., Nakazawa, T., Fujii, Y., Aoki, S., & Watanabe, O. (1995). Increase in the atmospheric nitrous oxide concentration during the last 250 years. Geophysical Research Letters, 22(21), 2921–2924. https://doi.org/10.1029/95GL02822

Ryu, Y., Ahn, J., Yang, J.-W., Jang, Y., Brook, E., Timmermann, A., Hong, S., Han, Y., Hur, S., & Kim, S. (2020). Atmospheric nitrous oxide during the past two millennia, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 34, e2020GB006568. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006568

Sowers, T. (2001). N2O record spanning the penultimate deglaciation from the Vostok ice core. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 106(D23), 31903–31914. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900707