Data for Figure 9.4 from Chapter 9 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).

Figure 9.4 shows global maps of observed mean fluxes, the observed trends in these fluxes, and the projected rate of change in these fluxes from SSP5-8.5, for freshwater, net heat, and wind stress magnitude (momentum).

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How to cite this dataset
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When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:
Fox-Kemper, B., H.T. Hewitt, C. Xiao, G. Aðalgeirsdóttir, S.S. Drijfhout, T.L. Edwards, N.R. Golledge, M. Hemer, R.E. Kopp, G. Krinner, A. Mix, D. Notz, S. Nowicki, I.S. Nurhati, L. Ruiz, J.-B. Sallée, A.B.A. Slangen, and Y. Yu, 2021: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1211–1362, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.011.

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Figure subpanels
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The figure has 9 panels labelled (a)-(i), with data provided for all panels using this lettering system in the GitHub repository linked in the documentation.

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List of data provided
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This dataset contains:

- Freshwater flux (a–c), net heat flux (d–f), and momentum flux or wind stress magnitude (g–i).
- Means and observed trends between 1995–2014 (freshwater and wind stress) or 2001–2014 (heat).
- SSP5-8.5 projected rates between 1995–2100 using 20-year averages at each end of the time period. - - Objective interpolation from CERES, EBAF v4 (Kato et al., 2018), OAFlux-HR (Yu, 2019) and GPCP (Adler et al., 2003) of fluxes and flux trends (b, e, h).

Observed trends with no overlay indicate regions where the trends are significant at p = 0.34 level. Crosses indicate regions where trends are not significant. For (c, f, i) projections, no overlay indicates regions with high model agreement, where ≥80% of models agree on the sign of change. Diagonal lines indicate regions with low model agreement, where <80% of models agree on the sign of change (see Cross-Chapter Box Atlas.1 for more information).

Further details on data sources and processing are available in the chapter data table (Table 9.SM.9).

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Data provided in relation to figure
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Data provided in relation to Figure 9.4

- Data file: Fig9-4a_data.nc:
- Data file: Fig9-4b_data.nc:
- Data file: Fig9-4c_data.nc:
- Data file: Fig9-4d_data.nc:
- Data file: Fig9-4e_data.nc:
- Data file: Fig9-4f_data.nc:
- Data file: Fig9-4g_data.nc:
- Data file: Fig9-4g_data_tauu.nc:
- Data file: Fig9-4g_data_tauv.nc:
- Data file: Fig9-4h_data.nc:
- Data file: Fig9-4i_data.nc:

CERES stands for Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System.
EBAF stands for Energy Balanced And Filled.
OAFlux-HR stands for Objectively Analyzed air–sea Fluxes-High Resolution.
GPCP is the Global Precipitation Climatology Project.
SSP stands for Shared Socio-Economic Pathway.
SSP585 is the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway which represents the upper boundary of radiative forcing and development scenarios, consistent with RCP8.5.

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Notes on reproducing the figure from the provided data
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Flux maps were plotted using standard matplotlib software, code is available via the link in the documentation.

Some of the plotting code is designed to use pre-processed CMIP data, rather than the provided netcdf files. To reproduce these figures form the metadata please modify the example code linked in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record.

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Sources of additional information
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The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:
- Link to the figure on the IPCC AR6 website
- Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 9)
- Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 9, which contains details on the input data used in Table 9.SM.9
- Link to the data and code used to produce this figure and others in Chapter 9, archived on Zenodo.
- Link to example code on GitHub
- Link to the output data for this figure, contained in a dedicated GitHub repository.