Data for Figure 9.22 from Chapter 9 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).

Figure 9.22 shows simulated versus observed permafrost extent and volume change by warming level.

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How to cite this dataset
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When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:
Fox-Kemper, B., H.T. Hewitt, C. Xiao, G. Aðalgeirsdóttir, S.S. Drijfhout, T.L. Edwards, N.R. Golledge, M. Hemer, R.E. Kopp, G. Krinner, A. Mix, D. Notz, S. Nowicki, I.S. Nurhati, L. Ruiz, J.-B. Sallée, A.B.A. Slangen, and Y. Yu, 2021: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1211–1362, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.011.

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Figure subpanels
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The figure has 2 subpanels, with data provided for both panels in one central directory.

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List of data provided
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This dataset contains:

- (a) Diagnosed Northern Hemisphere permafrost extent (area with perennially frozen ground at 15 m depth, or at the deepest model soil level if this is above 15 m) for 1979–1998, for available CMIP5 and CMIP6 models, from the first ensemble member of the historical coupled run, and for CMIP6 AMIP (atmosphere+land surface, prescribed ocean) and land-hist (land only, prescribed atmospheric forcing) runs.

- (b) Simulated global permafrost volume change between the surface and 3 m depth as a function of the simulated global surface air temperature (GSAT) change, from the first ensemble members of a selection of scenarios, for available CMIP6 models.

Estimates of current permafrost extents based on physical evidence and reanalyses are indicated as black symbols – triangle: Obu et al. (2018); star: Zhang et al. (1999); circle: central value and associated range from Gruber (2012).

Further details on data sources and processing are available in the chapter data table (Table 9.SM.9)

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Data provided in relation to figure
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Data provided in relation to Figure 9.22

- Data file: pf15m_CMIP5historical_NH_1979-1998.txt
- Data file: pf15m_amip_NH_1979-1998.txt
- Data file: pf15m_historical_NH_1979-1998.txt
- Data file: pf15m_land-hist_NH_1979-1998.txt
- Data file: pfv_ACCESS-CM2_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_ACCESS-CM2_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_ACCESS-CM2_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_ACCESS-CM2_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_ACCESS-ESM1-5_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_ACCESS-ESM1-5_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_ACCESS-ESM1-5_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_ACCESS-ESM1-5_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_BCC-CSM2-MR_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_BCC-CSM2-MR_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_BCC-CSM2-MR_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_BCC-CSM2-MR_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_CAMS-CSM1-0_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_CAMS-CSM1-0_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_CAMS-CSM1-0_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_CAMS-CSM1-0_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_CESM2-WACCM_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_CESM2-WACCM_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_CESM2-WACCM_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_CESM2-WACCM_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_CESM2_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_CESM2_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_CESM2_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_CESM2_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_CNRM-CM6-1-HR_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_CNRM-CM6-1-HR_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_CNRM-CM6-1-HR_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_CNRM-CM6-1-HR_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_CNRM-CM6-1_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_CNRM-CM6-1_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_CNRM-CM6-1_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_CNRM-CM6-1_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_CNRM-ESM2-1_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_CNRM-ESM2-1_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_CNRM-ESM2-1_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_CNRM-ESM2-1_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_CanESM5-CanOE_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_CanESM5-CanOE_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_CanESM5-CanOE_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_CanESM5-CanOE_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_CanESM5_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_CanESM5_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_CanESM5_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_CanESM5_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_EC-Earth3_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_EC-Earth3_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_EC-Earth3_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_EC-Earth3_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_FGOALS-g3_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_FGOALS-g3_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_FGOALS-g3_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_FGOALS-g3_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_GFDL-CM4_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_GFDL-CM4_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_GFDL-ESM4_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_GFDL-ESM4_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_GFDL-ESM4_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_GFDL-ESM4_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_GISS-E2-1-G_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_GISS-E2-1-G_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_GISS-E2-1-G_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_GISS-E2-1-G_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_HadGEM3-GC31-LL_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_HadGEM3-GC31-LL_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_HadGEM3-GC31-LL_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_IPSL-CM6A-LR_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_IPSL-CM6A-LR_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_IPSL-CM6A-LR_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_IPSL-CM6A-LR_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_KACE-1-0-G_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_KACE-1-0-G_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_KACE-1-0-G_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_KACE-1-0-G_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_MIROC-ES2L_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_MIROC-ES2L_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_MIROC-ES2L_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_MIROC-ES2L_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_MIROC6_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_MIROC6_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_MIROC6_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_MIROC6_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_MPI-ESM1-2-HR_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_MPI-ESM1-2-HR_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_MPI-ESM1-2-HR_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_MPI-ESM1-2-HR_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_MPI-ESM1-2-LR_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_MPI-ESM1-2-LR_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_MPI-ESM1-2-LR_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_MPI-ESM1-2-LR_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_MRI-ESM2-0_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_MRI-ESM2-0_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_MRI-ESM2-0_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_MRI-ESM2-0_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_NorESM2-LM_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_NorESM2-LM_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_NorESM2-LM_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_NorESM2-LM_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_NorESM2-MM_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_NorESM2-MM_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_NorESM2-MM_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_NorESM2-MM_historical_ssp585.nc
- Data file: pfv_UKESM1-0-LL_historical_ssp126.nc
- Data file: pfv_UKESM1-0-LL_historical_ssp245.nc
- Data file: pfv_UKESM1-0-LL_historical_ssp370.nc
- Data file: pfv_UKESM1-0-LL_historical_ssp585.nc

In the GitHub repository the filenames differ from that listed above, the final underscore is replaced with a '+'.
For example, ' pfv_ACCESS-CM2_historical_ssp126.nc' in the repository is called ' pfv_ACCESS-CM2_historical+ssp126.nc'

CMIP5 is the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project.
CMIP6 is the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project.
AMIP is the Atmospheric Modelling Intercomparison Project.
GSAT stands for Global Surface Air Temperature.
ACCESS-CM2 is the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator coupled climate model.
ACCESS-ESM1-5 is the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator Earth system model version designed to participate in CMIP6 simulations.
BCC-CSM2-MR is one of the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Models designed for use in CMIP6 simulations.
CAMS-CSM1-0 is the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Climate System Model version 1.
CESM is the Community Earth System Model.
CESM2-WACCM is the Community System Model - Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model.
CNRM-CM6-1 is the Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques Climate Model for CMIP6.
CNRM-CM6-1-HR is the Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques Climate Model for CMIP6 - altered Horizontal Resolution.
CNRM-ESM2-1 is the Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques Earth System Model, derived from CNRM-CM6-1.
CanESM5 is the Canadian Earth System Model version 5.
CanESM5-CanOE is the Canadian Earth System Model version 5 - Canadian Ocean Ecosystem.
EC-Earth3 is the European Community Earth-system model version 3.
FGOALS-g3 is the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model, Grid-point Version 3
GFDL-ESM4 is the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory - Earth System Model version 4.
GISS-E2-1-G is the Goddard Institute for Space Studies - chemistry-climate model version E2.1, using the GISS Ocean v1 (G01) model.
HadGEM3-GC31-LL is the Met Offfice Hadley Centre Global Environment Model - Global Coupled configuration 3.1 - using an atmosphere/ocean resolution for historical simulation N96/ORCA1.
IPSL-CM6A-LR is the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace Climate Model for CMIP6 - Low Resolution.
KACE-1-0-G is the Korean Advanced Community Earth system model.
MIROC-ES2L is the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate - Earth System version 2 for Long-term simulations.
MIROC6 is the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate - version 6.
MPI-ESM1-2-HR is the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model - version 2 - altered Horizontal Resolution.
MPI-ESM1-2-LR is the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model - version 2 - Low Resolution.
MRI-ESM2-0 is the Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model version 2.0.
NorESM2-LM is the Norwegian Earth System Model version 2 - 2 degree resolution for atmosphere and land components, 1 degree resolution for ocean and sea-ice components.
NorESM2-MM is the Norwegian Earth System Model version 2 - 1 degree resolution for all model components.
UKESM1-0-LL is the United Kingdom Earth System Modelling project - version 1 - 2 degree resolution for all model components.

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Notes on reproducing the figure from the provided data
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The panels were plotted using Python and shell scripts (BASH files) - code is available via the link in the documentation.

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Sources of additional information
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The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:
- Link to the figure on the IPCC AR6 website
- Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 9)
- Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 9, which contains details on the input data used in Table 9.SM.9
- Link to the data and code used to produce this figure and others in Chapter 9, archived on Zenodo.
- Link to the code and output data for this figure, contained in a dedicated GitHub repository.