Soil Moisture data (version 09.1) from the European Space Agency's (ESA) Soil Moisture Climate Change Initiative (CCI) project. This dataset collection contains three surface soil moisture datasets alongside ancillary data products. The ACTIVE and PASSIVE products have been created by fusing satellite scatterometer and radiometer soil moisture products respectively. In the case of the ACTIVE product, these have been derived from the AMI-WS and ASCAT satellite instruments and for the PASSIVE product from the satellite instruments SMMR, SSM/I, TMI, AMSR-E, WindSat, FY-3B, FY-3C, FY3D, AMSR2, SMOS, GPM and SMAP. The COMBINED product is generated from the Level 2 active and passive instruments.

The homogenized and merged products present a global coverage of surface soil moisture at a spatial resolution of 0.25 degrees. The products are provided as global daily images, in NetCDF-4 classic file format, the PASSIVE and COMBINED products covering the period (yyyy-mm-dd) 1978-11-01 to 2023-12-31 and the ACTIVE product covering 1991-08-05 to 2023-12-31. The soil moisture data for the PASSIVE and the COMBINED product are provided in volumetric units [m3 m-3], while the ACTIVE soil moisture data are expressed in percent of saturation [%]. For information regarding the theoretical and algorithmic base of the datasets, please see the Algorithm Theoretical Baseline Document (ATBD). Additional documentation and information relating to the datasets can also be found on the CCI Soil Moisture project web site or in the Product User Guide.

The data set should be cited using all of the following references:

1. Gruber, A., Scanlon, T., van der Schalie, R., Wagner, W., and Dorigo, W. (2019). Evolution of the ESA CCI Soil Moisture climate data records and their underlying merging methodology, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 717–739, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-717-2019

2. Dorigo, W.A., Wagner, W., Albergel, C., Albrecht, F., Balsamo, G., Brocca, L., Chung, D., Ertl, M., Forkel, M., Gruber, A., Haas, E., Hamer, D. P. Hirschi, M., Ikonen, J., De Jeu, R. Kidd, R. Lahoz, W., Liu, Y.Y., Miralles, D., Lecomte, P. (2017). ESA CCI Soil Moisture for improved Earth system understanding: State-of-the art and future directions. In Remote Sensing of Environment, 2017, ISSN 0034-4257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.07.001

3. Preimesberger, W., Scanlon, T., Su, C. -H., Gruber, A. and Dorigo, W., "Homogenization of Structural Breaks in the Global ESA CCI Soil Moisture Multisatellite Climate Data Record," in IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 2845-2862, April 2021, doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2020.3012896.