Samples for this experiment were taken for the Kilauea volcano on the island of Hawai'i

Samples were collected in several locations on the Island of Hawai'i, Hawaii, USA. Time-series samples were collected at Leilani Estates, Volcano village, Pahala, Ocean View, Kailua-Kona and Mauna Loa Observatory in 2018 and 2019.

Point-source samples were collected at the main erupting vent 'Fissure 8' (2018, repeated in its vicinity post-eruption in 2019); lava ocean entry point (2018, repeated in its vicinity post-eruption in 2019). When: 18-31 July 2018; 25 June - 3 July 2019